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专家:海面上升河流溃堤恐毁基建 全球城市应尽速防范热岛效应
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Topic: 专家:海面上升河流溃堤恐毁基建 全球城市应尽速防范热岛效应 (Read 133 times)
Dinklage
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专家:海面上升河流溃堤恐毁基建 全球城市应尽速防范热岛效应
May 03, 2017, 11:43:35 AM
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欧洲地球科学专家警告,人口爆炸和全球气温上升可能引发更多的水患和热浪,而许多城市的建构并不适合当今的气候现实,规划和建设都未考虑地球物理学。
(维也纳法新电)欧洲地球科学专家警告,面对人口爆炸和全球气温上升,世界各地城市必须尽快未雨绸缪,预防气候变化引发的水患和热浪。
欧洲地球科学联盟(EGU)代表日前在维也纳举行常年大会时指出,城市的气温预计会在未来几年急速上升,令城市人处于高温酷暑中,而海平面上升及河流溃堤造成的水灾会威胁人们居住、食水、交通与电供等基本建设。
根据一份在会议中发表的研究报告,与乡村地区相比,城市吸收和储存更多的太阳热能,因此更容易受到城市热岛效应(urban heat island,UHI)影响。
到了本世纪中期,如果导致地球变暖的化石燃料排放量持续有增无减,一些国家如比利时的城市每年夏天将会有25天的温度高于现有水平约10摄氏度。
另一项研究指出,热浪会成为欧洲城市普遍的问题,其中,南欧的热浪会更频繁,北欧的情况会更剧烈。
除了热浪,水患也威胁着欧洲人口密集的城市;越来越多的暴风雨,以及北极冰川融化和海水暖化都会令水灾成为常态。
东南亚降雨量 本世纪会增两成
研究人员指出,在同样经常发生大水灾的东南亚,本世纪的降雨量预计会增长20%。
与会的专家也预测,未来全球各国会继续扩张城市,但大部分城市都缺乏可应对大自然反扑的设施。
目前,世界有超过一半的人口居住在城市。根据最新统计,到了2050年,富裕国家将有80%的人口住在建成区,发展中国家则有60%的人会集中在建成区。这相当于在未来40年内,世界每周都会出现一个居住人口达百万人的城市。
城市消耗了全球近八成的能源,而六成的温室气体是从城市排放,导致目前地球的平均温度比前工业革命时期高出一摄氏度。尽管前年的巴黎气候协定设下把全球气温上升幅度控制在比前工业时代只高二摄氏度的范围以内,但许多科学家认为这无法做到,且气温上升的幅度可能达到三摄氏度或以上。
这意味着,世界各地的城市必须即刻行动应对气候变化。
此外,巴黎水文气象学家斯盖特指出,目前许多城市的建构并不适合当今的气候现实,规划和建设都没有考虑地球物理学的问题。
以巴黎为例,尽管远古时代人们认为住在靠近水源的地方才便于生活,但世界发展及变化至今,巴黎的许多基础建设如地铁、供电站、通讯站等仍沿着塞纳河而建,一旦溃堤引发严重水灾,整个城市就会受到严重破坏。
对此,智库“100个坚韧城市”(100 Resilient Cities)的巴黎负责人勒迈尔说,还有许多新兴城市的基础建设尚未动工,因此科学研究人员可参与其中,打造绿色城市,如在建筑物及房子顶楼和表面盖花园,通过植物吸热来对抗城市热岛效应。
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