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上海自然博物馆讲座聚焦酵母基因再造,揭秘“生命3.0”
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上海自然博物馆讲座聚焦酵母基因再造,揭秘“生命3.0”
June 05, 2017, 03:59:50 PM
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什么是酵母基因再造?作为基因组合成领域的科学里程碑项目,“人工合成酵母基因组计划(Sc2.0 Project)”重量级成果于2017年3月10日在国际顶尖权威杂志Science(《科学》)以封面、专刊形式同时发表7篇论文。
中国科学院院士、深圳华大基因研究院研究员、理事长杨焕明教授在上海自然博物馆主讲“生命3.0”。 澎湃新闻记者 臧鸣 图
6月3日,上海自然博物馆(上海科技馆分馆)举行了绿螺讲堂“新问题沙龙”的第五期讲座。活动邀请到了中国科学院院士、深圳华大基因研究院研究员、理事长杨焕明教授主讲“生命3.0”,由复旦大学生命科学学院副院长卢大儒教授主持。
作为基因组合成领域的科学里程碑项目,“人工合成酵母基因组计划(Sc2.0 Project)”在国际合作组的通力协作下,取得了新的重大突破性进展。该重量级成果于2017年3月10日在国际顶尖权威杂志Science以封面、专刊形式同时发表7篇论文。 主办方 供图
2017年3月,国际最权威的学术期刊《科学》杂志以封面、专刊的形式同时发表了介绍“人工合成酵母基因组计划”重大成果的论文。作为基因组合成领域的科学里程碑项目,“人工合成酵母基因组计划(Sc2.0 Project)”在国际合作组的通力协作下,取得了新的重大突破性进展。国际协作组宣布完成2号、5号、6号、10号和12号这5条染色体的从头设计与全合成,并从多个方面进行了深入分析,最终获得与普通酵母菌高度一致的人工合成酵母菌。中国、美国、英国等国的多个研究机构参与,其中,来自于华大基因、天津大学、清华大学的中国科学家团队完成了总工作量的2/3。“人工合成酵母基因组计划”旨在实现人工合成真核生物酿酒酵母的全部16条染色体,意味着酵母的生命源代码可以达到完全由人工编写。
人造酵母新生命的诞生,标志着合成生物学里程碑式的进展。这个领域的快速突破,将变革生物制造、医药、能源、环境、农业等领域,带来颠覆性的发展。
杨焕明教授讲到,“生命3.0”是继自然的生命体(“生命1.0”)和迄今以现代生物技术改造的生命体(“生命2.0”)之后,以基因组学的理念、策略和技术、人工设计与合成的“第三代”生命体。合成基因组学的主要学术源流是“人类基因组”催生的基因组学的理念,“生命是序列的, 生命是数字的”。合成基因组学是基因组学发展的最高阶段,即从“解码(decoding)”到“编码(coding)”、从“解读 (reading)”到“编写 (writing)”的阶段,将给二十一世纪的生命科学和生物产业带来颠覆性的影响。
二十世纪初“孟德尔遗传规律”的重新发现,我们知道决定 “龙生龙,凤生凤”的是基因。二十世纪中叶DNA“双螺旋”结构的阐明,给我们揭开了基因的面纱,告诉我们基因是遗传的信息。五十年后“国际人类基因组计划”的完成,使生命科学进入了一个新的时代,使我们明白“生命是序列的,生命是数字的”,也更加明白什么是基因,什么是基因组。
讲座开始前,上海科技馆馆长王小明教授为两位科学家颁发了科学顾问证书。
新问题沙龙聚焦科学新看点、新观点、新发现,在这里,科学家与公众一起,进行探讨、思辨。
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