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专家:中国康复医疗人才紧缺 面临严峻挑战
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Topic: 专家:中国康复医疗人才紧缺 面临严峻挑战 (Read 160 times)
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专家:中国康复医疗人才紧缺 面临严峻挑战
July 27, 2017, 02:15:01 AM
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相关部门在康复医疗对于促进健康、提高资源利用效率、节约医疗成本的重要性上,认识还不统一,支持康复医学发展的配套政策和环境还未形成。
“任何一个地方的医疗机构都是比较多的,但是提起康复医疗机构,数量就很少了,大型医院的康复科床位所占医院床位比例也比较低。”国家卫生计生委医政医管局医疗与护理处处长李大川说。
日前,在国家卫生计生委能力建设和继续教育中心主办的医养结合能力建设研讨会暨规范化能力建设推进会上,李大川谈到我国康复医疗的基本状况和所面临的严峻挑战时表示,我国康复医疗资源总量不足,分布不均,地区间差距较大,优质资源主要集中在华东、华中、华南等地区,西北、西南地区明显不足。同时,服务体系不健全、不完善,不同地区的康复医疗机构在自身提供服务有限的情况下,相互之间缺乏患者流动、转诊的机制与渠道,部分社区卫生服务机构在促进康复方面还不能充分发挥作用。
“但实际上,许多疾病,如心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病,早期康复介入得越早越好,能使患者恢复到比较好的生存状况。然而目前,我国拥有早期康复介入能力的康复科主要集中在部分大医院。20%的省级综合医院,30%的市级综合医院和56%的市级以下医院不具备早期康复能力,只是提供传统康复服务,康复医疗的服务能力需要提高。”李大川说。
在发达国家,康复医疗的分科已经非常细致,而我国目前还处在康复专业人才匮乏,特别是基层医疗机构的康复人才十分缺乏的阶段。“配套政策支持不足,相关部门在康复医疗对于促进健康、提高资源利用效率、节约医疗成本的重要性上,认识还不统一,支持康复医学发展的配套政策和环境还未形成。”李大川说。
在谈到未来我国康复医疗发展的思路时,李大川表示,第一,要扩展康复医疗资源,建立完善的康复医疗体系。要充分利用和调整现有资源,在过去卫生资源规划的基础上,扩增康复医疗资源。合理确定各级各类康复医疗机构的数量、规模和布局。逐步建立布局合理、层次分明、功能完善、富有效率的分层级、分阶段康复医疗服务体系。要求三级综合医院按照有关要求和标准,大力加强康复医学学科建设和规范管理。鼓励有条件的二级综合医院(特别是企事业单位综合医院)整体转型为康复医院。同时,鼓励社会资本进入康复医疗领域,大力发展康复医疗机构。“目前,正在研究准入标准、审批手续的简化等,鼓励发展护理院,增加长期护理、照护性机构数量,提高其质量”。
未来,还应明确各层级康复医疗机构的功能定位,《国务院办公厅关于推进分级诊疗制度建设的指导意见》中明确提出,城市三级医院主要提供急危重症和疑难复杂疾病的诊疗服务。城市三级中医医院充分利用中医药(含民族医药)技术方法和现代科学技术,提供急危重症和疑难复杂疾病的中医诊疗服务和中医优势病种的中医门诊诊疗服务。城市二级医院主要接收三级医院转诊的急性病恢复期患者、术后恢复期患者及危重症稳定期患者。县级医院主要提供县域内常见病、多发病诊疗,以及急危重症患者抢救和疑难复杂疾病向上转诊服务。基层医疗卫生机构和康复医院、护理院等慢性病医疗机构为诊断明确、病情稳定的慢性病患者、康复期患者、老年病患者、晚期肿瘤患者等提供治疗、康复、护理服务。
第二,要建立不同层级康复医疗机构的双向转诊机制。逐步建立分类保障制度,调整医疗保障支付比例,利用经济手段调整康复医疗服务的供给,从制度上规范双向转诊。三级综合医院康复科应积极主动与临床相关科室密切合作,提高康复治疗早期介入能力,促进患者功能恢复,提升学科水平。
第三,鼓励其他执业范围医师通过规范化培训转为康复医师,将康复医师管理纳入专科医师试点项目,逐步建立康复医学专业专科医师制度。将康复治疗师纳入“十三五”医改紧缺人才培训项目。对各省(区、市)培训予以费用支持。同时研究建立康复治疗师规范化管理制度。“要让康复治疗师这个职业的价值、待遇和社会地位都获得社会的认可。”李大川说。
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