There are some very usefull gides about how to compile primcoind or the high performance version of mikaelh on Ubuntu like
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=259022.0 or
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=252944.0However in Europe/Germany many people use SuSe or the free openSUSE distribution. Here are the instructions how to compile mikaelhs client on openSUSE. If you are not root please use the command "su" to change the user.
su
zypper install make
zypper install boost-devel
zypper install libdb-4_8-devel
zypper install gmp-devel
zypper install libminiupnpc-devel
cd /usr/local/src/
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/primecoin-hp/0.1.1-hp5/primecoin-0.1.1-hp5.tar.bz2"
tar jxfv primecoin-0.1.1-hp5.tar.bz2
cd primecoin-0.1.1-hp5/src/
make -f makefile.unix CFLAGS="-march=native -O3" CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
On openSUSE prior 12.3 it is more difficult to install libminiupnpc-devel. You will get an error like "net.cpp:19:32: fatal error: miniupnpc/miniwget.h: No such file or directory". If so please use
make -f makefile.unix CFLAGS="-march=native -O3" CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}" USE_UPNP=-
Of course you can use primcoind as root. However I do not suggest this. I prefer a own user.
useradd -m primecoin
su primecoin
/usr/local/src/primecoin-0.1.1-hp5/src/primecoind &
On first run you will have to create a configuration file
/home/primecoin/.primecoin/primecoin.conf
rpcuser=primecoinrpc
rpcpassword=Irgend_was_ganz_GEHEIMES
gen=1
Than start it again and watch the log with something like
tail -f /home/primecoin/.primecoin/debug.log
This is the way how it works for me. HTH.