Do you even use SegWit addresses? If not then it is your fault that transaction is still not confirmed. I sent a SegWit transaction a few days ago and it went through in less than 1 hour.
Probably never, it might never been fixed. Impossible to fix the issue with current 8KB space.
Increasing the blocksize is only a temporary solution. If we did that, it could harm the decentralization of Bitcoin and we wouldn't be able to go down again. Also, it kinda forces people to move to SegWit. Unfortunately, even Bitcoin Core team hasn't released full SegWit support, yet.
Everybody refers to the lightning network that is going to be deployed sometime in the future and is going to magically solve our problems, but until then, we are probably going to have to suffer through such high costs and long waiting periods.
You are right. Lightning Network is indeed fast and great but it will take another few months before it will be deployed on the mainnet.