The imported address I used to send the BTC was deterministically generated on brainwallet.org using a not-so-strong passphrase (after all, this is just a test). Is it possible that someone else in the vast Bitcoin universe used the exact same not-so-strong passphrase and just got an unexpected donation of 0.01 BTC?
you found the answer to your question. yes, you have been robbed.
The page states: "Warning! this transaction is a double spend of 112743537. You should be extremely careful when trusting any transactions to/from this sender."
this is probably related to the current malleability attack on the bitcoin network (25% of transactions were affected today). it has nothing to do with your theft.