I confirm that there are 2 possibilities an ATM operates and many people above have already told you that.
1.
It can make an address for you and display qr codes with public and private keys for this address. Then once you send money to that address the ATM will convert them into bitcoins and store it for you in the blockchain.
Having the qr code scanned or printed you can access your funds from any computer.
2. It can allow you to send coins to a speciffic address but in that case you have to enter the target address into the machine. In your case it would be the scammer's address.
But I didn't think, and in the heat of the moment, withdrew only $1k and I deposited the money into the bitcoin ATM.
You created a "wallet" using the ATM. It was yours until you gave it away to the scammer.
The machine told me to take a picture of the screen once i deposited my money, and i'm going to assume there was some important information on it like a bitcoin address for the transaction? I clearly wasn't looking either, and just took a picture of the QR code and sent it to the scammer's phone number.
Most likely it displayed this
https://www.athenabitcoin.com/news/2018/4/9/how-to-use-a-paper-walletDo you have a printed receipt from the machine? Look at the part where it says "public key"
Scan it and paste into the search field on this site
https://blockchair.com/ You can also type it there.
Share the results with us. If there's a withdrawal it means the scammer took your money. If there are funds on the address you still might be able to get it back.