Centralized exchanges are just a place where different "people" meet to trade with each other and the exchange only provides the server and security and gets paid for that when they receive the trading fees for each trade you make.
The exchange is not supposed to earn all the money. BTC is from the blockchain.
As I said you are paying for the service they provide.
Can the exchange take all the money from me?
Considering the fact that when you deposit money or bitcoin into your exchange account you are giving the exchange full control of those funds the answer is yes.