BTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCANN: Bitcoin Liquid ₿²O in part by Overpass Channels oh and this is the 1st fully holy grail trustless or whatever too..
BTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCBTCThe Evolution of Layer 2 Solutions
-------------BTC----------------------------------------------------------------------------Previous approaches to Bitcoin scaling generally fell into two categories:
| 1. Rollups & Sidechains | - Required own consensus layer
- Complex state management
- Inherent bottlenecks
|
| 2. Bitcoin Consensus Extensions | - Leverage Bitcoin's consensus directly
- More efficient but still consensus-bound
- Processing L2 data through Bitcoin consensus
|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------BTC----------------The Mathematical Breakthrough
The key insight: Pure mathematical verification is superior to both, even though it just uses the data of availability,
not the consensus at all, but that's because again the consensus even bitcoins is still weaker than the hardness of the
cryptography alone transactions cannot be censored on this network and Here's why:
| Channel Structure | - One-way flows only
- Single user per channel
- Simple add/subtract operations
|
| State Isolation | - Completely compartmentalized transitions
- No cross-channel dependencies
- Deterministic outcomes
|
------------BTC------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Synergy of Components
All these elements must exist together to achieve true mathematical certainty:
| Core Components | Purpose |
| Privacy at Client Level | Ensures transaction confidentiality |
| Unidirectional Flows | Simplifies state management |
| Sparse Merkle Trees | Enables efficient proofs |
| Plonky2 Proof System | Provides mathematical verification |
-------------------------------------BTC-----------------------------------------------------The Power of Mathematical Certainty
-------------BTC----------------------------------------------------------------------------| Aspect | Consensus-Based | Pure Mathematical |
| Verification | Probabilistic | Absolute |
| Speed | Limited | Unlimited |
| Security | Network-based | Mathematical |
| Scalability | Bounded | Infinite |
| Privacy | Optional | Inherent |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------BTC----------------Instant Finality Through Unilateral Design
[Visual: Channel State Transitions]
```
Sender Channel A ──────┐
│
▼
[Pending State]
│ ▲
▼ │
Receiver Sign/Accept ────┘
Meanwhile...
┌───────────────┐
│Dynamic Rebalance │
│ (New Channel) │
└───────────────┘
```
| Key Features | Benefits |
| Instant State Updates | - Sender signs updated state instantly
- Transaction finality immediate
- Pending state blocks new transactions until receiver confirms
- Mathematical proof generated instantly
|
| No Consensus Waiting | - State transition mathematically verified
- No block confirmations needed
- Receiver verifies instantly
|
| Security Through Pending | - Channel enters pending after transaction
- Prevents attack vectors
- Secure confirmation period
|
| Dynamic Rebalancing | - Rebalance to new channel while one is pending
- Continuous transaction capability
- Zero downtime operation
|
[Visual: Rebalancing Flow]
```
Channel A (Pending) ─────┐
│
Dynamic Rebalance ──────┼──► New Channel B
│
Proof Generation ───────┘
```
------------BTC------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Global Ordering Myth: Debunked
[Visual: Traditional vs Overpass Transaction Space]
```
Traditional L2s Overpass Channels
┌──────────────────┐ ┌────────────────┐
│ Global Order │ │ Isolated Spaces │
│ ┌─┬─┬─┬─┬─┐ │ │ A→B B→C C→D │
│ │1│2│3│4│5│ │ │ └─┐ └─┐ └─┐ │
│ └─┴─┴─┴─┴─┘ │ │ │ │ │ │
└──────────────────┘ └───┴─────┴─────┘
```
| Why Global Ordering Is Unnecessary | - Each channel is unidirectional
- One sender, one receiver
- No cross-channel dependencies
- State transitions are isolated
|
[Visual: Simplified State Management]
```
Channel A→B: tx1 → tx2 → tx3 (local sequence)
Channel B→C: tx1 → tx2 (independent)
Channel C→A: tx1 (isolated)
No need to determine if A→B tx2 happened
before or after B→C tx1 - it doesn't matter!
```
-------------------------------------BTC-----------------------------------------------------Breaking Free From Consensus-Based Thinking
| Traditional Assumptions | Mathematical Reality |
| Global ordering needed | Local ordering sufficient |
| Shared state required | Isolated states more efficient |
| Complex coordination | Mathematical independence |
| Network-wide verification | Local proof verification |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------BTC----------------The Perfect Digital Cash Layer
Why Overpass Achieves What Others Couldn't:| Feature | How It's Achieved |
| Censorship Immunity | - Mathematically impossible to censor transactions
- Nodes only see proofs and Merkle roots
- Must accept all or nothing—no selective blocking
|
| Instant Finality | - No consensus waiting
- Mathematical verification instant
- Immediate transaction completion
|
| Perfect Privacy | - Built into mathematical structure
- Complete transaction isolation
- No information leakage
|
| Infinite Scalability | - No consensus bottleneck
- Parallel processing
- Only limited by proof generation speed
|
Simulated data suggest these performance numbers:
https://cryptskii.github.io/overpass_performance_metrics.htmlKeep in mind, you should actually get a fairly accurate projection to go by in this scenario because of the removal of any synchronization that you would typically have being gone you basically can just do the math after you consider the benchmarks for proof generation so we're looking at around 100 and 150 ms is what I see per transaction so that and the fact that no one should be needing to even
------------BTC------------------------------------------------------------------------------Technical Implementation
| Component | Implementation |
| Proof System | - Plonky2 for fast proof generation
- Constant-size proofs regardless of computation
- Native Bitcoin integration
|
| Channel Structure | - Unidirectional flows
- One sender, one receiver
- Simple state transitions
|
| State Management | - Sparse Merkle trees for efficiency
- Isolated state spaces
- Deterministic updates
|
| Privacy Layer | - Zero-knowledge proofs
- Complete transaction privacy
- No data leakage
|
-------------BTC----------------------------------------------------------------------------What Makes Overpass Different?
-
Fully Trustless: No operators, committees, or validators—just Bitcoin’s native consensus.
-
Instant Transactions: Achieves instant off-chain transaction finality for everyday use.
-
Ready for Mass Adoption: Designed to handle the workload needed for global scalability.
-
Privacy by Default: Advanced zk-SNARK cryptography keeps transactions private.
-
Efficient: Minimizes fees and maintains Bitcoin’s economic integrity.
-
No BIP Proposals Required: Overpass works with Bitcoin’s current protocol and requires zero changes to the source code.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------BTC----------------Why Overpass?
Bitcoin has established itself as the ultimate decentralized store of value. However, to fulfill its potential as a medium of exchange, it needs a trustless, private scaling solution.Overpass stands out because:
-
The Only Fully Trustless Solution: No added infrastructure or intermediaries are needed.
-
Instant, Scalable Transactions: Overpass can process transactions with instant finality, meeting the demands of global mass adoption.
-
Enhanced Privacy: zk-SNARKs provide privacy, unlike interactive solutions that compromise on security.
-
Cash-like Functionality: Allows transactions to behave like "cash" while maintaining reversibility for settlement.
------------BTC------------------------------------------------------------------------------How Does It Work?
Overpass combines advanced technologies to achieve trustless scaling:| Technology | Purpose |
| zk-SNARKs: | Ensure private and efficient state validation. |
| Hierarchical Sparse Merkle Trees: | Optimize transaction throughput. |
| HTLC Compatibility: | Integrates seamlessly with Bitcoin without changes to its protocol. |
| State Morphing: | Enables cash-like transactions while preserving Bitcoin’s native properties. |
-------------------------------------BTC-----------------------------------------------------About Overpass
Project Status & VisionThe Universal StandardPerhaps most remarkably, Overpass's performance characteristics remain constant regardless of the underlying blockchain. While settlement times may vary between chains, all transactions on the Overpass network share the same instant finality and privacy guarantees. This creates, for the first time, a universal standard for digital cash that maintains Bitcoin's security guarantees while exceeding the performance of any existing payment network.
The project has reached a crucial milestone: the mathematical framework is complete, the cryptographic proofs are solid, and the core architecture is designed. What started as a solo research project is now ready to scale into a community-driven initiative that could fundamentally transform Bitcoin's scaling capabilities.
Join the EvolutionIf you're passionate about Bitcoin and believe in preserving its core principles while expanding its utility, now is the perfect time to get involved. We're seeking contributors who share our vision of Bitcoin existing in both its solid store-of-value state and its liquid payment-network state - all without compromising security or decentralization.
Learn More
---------------------------------------------------------------BTC---------------------------Supporting Overpass Development
Development Status & FundingOverpass is currently in active development as an independent, self-funded project.
While the core research and initial implementation have been completed, we are now
at a crucial stage where additional resources would accelerate development and testing.
The research paper has already undergone intense scrutiny, read 4k+, and peer reviewed.
Ways to Support or Get Involved:-
Technical Contributions (Repo): https://github.com/TPSjunkie/overpass-network-
Opportunity Inquiries: info@overpass.network-
Direct Support (Donations): bc1qtn6ufgqxc3fd8ch8xxzy4ry4epa5mcj0tagexh
* website: sometime this week will be up
Donations are greatly needed and appreciated. But only until we receive funding and
then I will be removing the address and asking that no one send them after that point forever.
