my country was once a victim of America, and we almost lost part of our country's territory because they (America and its allies) argued that our country's government violated human rights and that the region was not part of our country from the past, so they helped the separatist movement to create chaos, but actually the reason for all of that was because they wanted to control the region which had so many gold reserves.
Let's just say I misunderstood your writing and didn't read enough historical literature.
Do you mean separatism, the plan for Papuan independence that would become the precursor to the Free Papua Movement?
If so, which US operations support separatism, and what would be the US's benefit if Papua were independent?
luckily at that time the Soviet Union bloc was willing to help, so they were unable to seize it. but after how long the leader of our country at that time was overthrown by his own right hand, and guess what, America succeeded in planting their gold mine in the region they wanted to seize through that president, and until now the company exists and operates.
If I'm not mistaken, you're discussing the G30SPKI. I don't deny that the CIA played a major role in this event, but the Indonesian Communist Party was not a US creation. In the context of the Cold War, US initiatives and support are still logical. Let's not forget the history of the brutal massacre of tens of thousands of Indonesians by the Indonesian Communist Party and the coup d'état that proclaimed the Republic of Soviet Indonesia, Execution pits filled with corpses were found everywhere. President Sukarno failed to stop the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) despite numerous demands to ban and disband it. The PKI remained unbanned, but instead underwent reconstruction and grew until 1965.
so they helped the separatist movement to create chaos
You're drawing a single pattern from two cases with very different actors, contexts, goals, and outcomes. The G30S/PKI incident was an internal conflict related to a national power struggle at the height of the Cold War; Papua is a decolonization dispute and ongoing identity movement. Combining the two into universal evidence is methodologically flawed. Focus on sentences "US-driven separatism for resources" are logically flawed and contradicts historical evidence.
if you have your own view that what the US is doing is worth doing for "the good of Indonesia itself" just a reminder that these books exist:
- The United States and the Overthrow of Sukarno 1965-67 by Peter Dale Scott, Subversion as Foreign Policy: The Secret Eisenhower and Dulles Debacle in Indonesia by George McT. Kahin, Economists with Guns: Authoritarian Development and US-Indonesian Relations 1960-1968 by Bradley Simpson, and Legacy of Ashes: The History of the CIA by Tim Weiner.
- The Incubus of Intervention: Conflicting Indonesian Strategies of John F. Kennedy and Allen Dulles.
there is a lot of other evidence that says US involvement in this matter.
Your assumption is baseless. Nothing in my writing justifies the US acting in Indonesia's best interest.
The US's support for certain actors (providing equipment, intelligence, and diplomatic support) certainly has economic and political motives for US national interests, but support is not the same as full control.
The correct explanation, historically and geopolitically, is that the US supports Indonesia (not the separatists) to ensure Papua remains under the control of the central government, allowing stable mining operations/exploration/explotation by US companies.
Your reference books describe CIA operations during the Cold War era, 1950–1970. This era saw Indonesia as the main front against the Soviet Union, with Sukarno's Jakarta–Beijing–Moscow axis. Indonesia became the country with the largest communist party outside the Soviet Union. The CIA still operated under a Cold War mandate, and the world remained bipolar. The current situation has changed completely. The Soviet Union has collapsed, Indonesia is no longer a proxy battlefield like in 1965, Indonesian government institutions are stronger, and open Cold War-style interventions are outdated and incompatible with the current structure of international law. History doesn't work by copying and pasting. Excessive analogies actually weaken geopolitical analysis, as the global political economy is highly dynamic and complex.
Without defending Suharto, those who learn from history are naturally quick to criticize, and the reality is that corruption, collusion, and nepotism were rife during that era. But let's not forget that the 1960s were the New Order era, and Indonesia was in a post-independence transition period. It needed rapid funding and development, needed major investors and political/military support for stability, lacked bargaining power, and a weak government lacking experience negotiating large-scale contracts. This resulted in an illusion of rapid development, with the appearance of significant investment but suboptimal long-term benefits.
Initially, President Suharto's actions were misguided, pragmatic policies, or erroneous/risky political decisions influenced by short-term factors (the image of development), thus harming the country's long-term interests. An analogy could be drawn when Sri Mulyani successfully eliminated massive tax defaulters, who were considered a hero, but whose strict fiscal policies ultimately made her a loser.