AxiomCryptocurrency (OP)
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July 26, 2015, 03:53:11 AM
Last edit: August 07, 2015, 01:13:58 PM by AxiomCryptocurrency |
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https://i.imgur.com/h79dHXa.pngNews Most recent updates first
AXIOM Brief Status Update - Monday, August 3rd, 2015
Acknowledging the private GPU miner problem
It is our core belief that the only means of advancing this technology, is to take the problems and demands on directly. The community has spoken, the current GPU miner has lead to stress from many of our investors, though we do not currently consider the GPU miner to be a threat to the actual fairness of the coin, with the current hash rate, adjusting block rewards, staking and scalability when compared to the ease of use, electrical costs, and widespread availability of the CPU. Everyone with a computer owns a CPU, anyone can mine AXIOM with a click of a button not everyone owns a GPU. Currently the CPU mining power on the network grossly outweighs that of the GPU.
Hardening the algorithm for further GPU resistance
We have spent the last several days researching different algorithms that may solve our current needs for continued GPU resistance.
We will be making these methods and the dates of our planned implementations public during this week of Monday August 3rd.
We are testing raising memory requirements and possibly using disk I/O as part of the algorithm.
If testing is successful and algorithm changes do not put too much strain on regular wallet users, AXIOM POW algo will be hardforked to AxiomMemHash 2.0.
POS 2.0 Security and fairness weaknesses
While monitoring the blockchain and block propagation during the incredibly competitive AXIOM DPOS, we’ve identified several major weaknesses in the current POS 2.0 code.
Difficulty target based on coin input size can be modified by rogue actors.
Time-distribution of coin inputs can be used by rogue stakers to stake more frequently.
Selfish-miners can stake more efficiently by skipping validation and inclusion of transactions from the memory pool.
Custom stake miners can be multi-threaded, hash at full speed, and outperform other wallets running less efficient single threaded stake miner.
AxiomPOS (POS 3.0)
AxiomPOS, or POS 3.0, is our next generation proof-of-stake protocol, incubated after conducting extensive research experiments and identifying numerous serious concerns and exploitable deficiencies in the popular “PoS 2” protocol, which can be used to game the stake system for significant advantages at minimal cost. Presently ALL alt coins using the PoS 2 protocol are susceptible to these methods. We are well aware the above statements will cause controversy, and a whitepaper is currently being drafted and edited to explain the aforementioned issues.
This is a short brief of our near-future plans. More information, details, timeline, and whitepaper will be released during this week of August 3rd.
CONNECTION PROBLEMS UPDATE - 5 NODES ADDEDWe've added 5 more node servers, 2 US, 2 EU, 1 in asia. If you have any connection problems please add these to your axiom.conf: addnode=104.197.49.247 addnode=104.197.64.168 addnode=130.211.74.245 addnode=104.155.34.235 addnode=107.167.189.225 and restart your wallet. Feature Development and Service Integration Announcements Impending 7/30/15 AXIOM developers pinged me to give an opinion on the GPU speedup of the AXIOM PoW function.
I wrote the draft of the paper about RandMemoHash back in 2013, after playing with RandMemoHash a bit. I tested it with a SINGLE GPU (that was even older), and could not get any speedup. My paper does not show any proof, not any real world comparison over several GPU models, so it is definitively unfinished. The suggested parameters are not proven to be valid for all existent GPU models (and less for future models). People should never take for granted what an non-peer-reviewed privately-published draft paper says.
I would have liked that Axiom developers would have pinged me to give an update on it before implementing it.
Having said this, I find that a 5x GPU speedup quite good resistance, considering that a GPU is generally better than a CPU in almost every task. CPUs are good at executing large programs, doing paging, protecting memory, doing I/O. Nothing that a PoW can make use of.
GPU memory system is designed for throughput, and it has generally about 6 times the bandwidth available to a CPU. RandMemoHash bottleneck is the DDR/GDDR memory bus, so that speedup can be expected.
Also you must consider power-usage in the equation: that may make it better or worse for GPU-mining.
I don't know if tweaking the parameters would improve it. Maybe using 8 MB instead of 2 MB can prevent the use of some L2 caches in some boards. But the more space you require, the slower it is to verify the PoW. And this is a cat-and-mouse race, since future models will probably increase the size of the cache.
The Axiom developers & community could collect some real world numbers and try to find an improved parameter set (if it is really needed and if there is a better one).
I wish AXIOM users the best luck.
Sergio.
AXIOM has been listed on CoinMarketCap. https://i.imgur.com/Rc8a95f.pngSource: http://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/axiom/ 7/26/15 We've fixed the nethash bug.
There's a check at the beginning of the function in rpcblockchain.cpp, if the blockheight is greater than lastpowblock a nethash is returned, except lastpowblock doesn't exist so it is always true and always returned 0.
There are about 439 cores on the network:
1M * .00263999 / 6
6 being average hashes per second that we saw in our testings.
We will push the fix soon, non mandatory update. If you want to see your personal hashrate, open your debug.log. Showing it in the console will slow the miner down too much currently. Introduction Axiom is a cutting edge digital network designed to provide novel solutions to the deficiencies of the current generation of cryptocurrencies. We have observed the community and market externally for many months, noting strengths and weaknesses of projects as they came to be, and formulating algorithmic and distributive solutions for future use. Our research has lead us to developing Axiom, an asic proof, currently non GPU mineable, non ECDSA cryptocurrency that is feature rich, market sustainable, and economical to mine and stake with limited risk. Goals The goal of Axiom is to produce a crypto currency that implements experimental solutions to weaknesses in Bitcoin and potential failure modes of Bitcoin, creating a solid core based on non-NSA technology, for future developments and added technology. To create a digital currency market that is adoptable from the start and continuing into the future with ease of use, functionality and innovation. Technology | | Axiom uses the AxiomHash proof-of-work mining algorithm.
AxiomHash is based on RandMemoHash, described in the paper:
"STRICT MEMORY HARD HASHING FUNCTIONS (PRELIMINARY V0.3, 01-19-14)" by Sergio Lerner
On page 4, Lerner says "When RandMemoHash is used for proof of work, it can prevent the use of GPUs or ASICs for spamming or obtaining a speedup over standard computers.
By requiring 1 MB of memory, computing SeqMemoHash on start-of-the-art GPUs becomes slower than using a standard computer."
The AXH algorithm was based on the pseudocode definition on page 4 of this paper. Axiom is using an R of 2 and N of 216. This requires roughly 2MB of memory for each pass.
The inner hash function is SHABAL-256. SHABAL was a SHA3 competition entrant and is a fast hashing algorithm.
It is used in place of SHA256d so that the time to solve a PoW hash and check blocks is not inordinately long.
Moving from ECSDA to Schnorr Signatures
Schnorr signatures have been integrated by using the work in secp256k1 (modified Schnorr signatures) that is not yet integrated with Bitcoin.
The Schnorr patent has expired and this is the first step in moving away from ECDSA and the oddball curve used by Bitcoin and all of its clones.
More information about Schnorr signatures and the discussion around moving Bitcoin to them can be found here:
This implementation is of course experimental, and we will be making additional code improvements over time for enhanced security and performance.
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Important Links & Downloads
Wallet Downloads Block Explorer Windows 64 bit Miner Special thanks to the community for their hard work! VirusTotal Scan Distribution | |
Axiomhash is a CPU-only algorithm. A GPU miner is extremely difficult and not likely to yield a great increase over CPU with a significantly higher energy consumption from mining.
To give everyone a chance to get involved in mining Axiom, the reward curve has a 3 week high initial reward period that slowly decreases for 3 months.
There is then another 3 week period of high rewards before settling into a normal emission schedule with halving every year.
This distribution model was devised based on our observations of cycles in the market.
The proof-of-work rewards initially start at 500 and drop down to 5 over the course of 3 weeks.
Then after 3 months they climb back up to 100 before dropping back down to 5 coins per block and halving every year after that.
The proof-of-stake reward schedule mimics the proof-of-work schedule, starting at 200 coins per block, dropping to 5
coins per block, climbing back up to 200 coins per block, and then dropping back to 5 coins per block and halving every year.
Block Rewards Schedule
Proof of Work (POW) Schedule
Blocks 1 - 800 = 500 AXIOM per block
Blocks 801 - 1440 = 200 AXIOM per block
Blocks 1441 - 5040 = 100 AXIOM per block
Blocks 5041 - 9360 = 50 AXIOM per block
Blocks 9361 - 13680 = 25 AXIOM per block
Blocks 13681 - 18000 = 10 AXIOM per block
Blocks 18001 - 156240 = 5 AXIOM per block
Blocks 156241 - 160560 = 10 AXIOM per block
Blocks 160561 - 164880 = 50 AXIOM per block
Blocks 164881 - 169200 = 100 AXIOM per block
Blocks 169201 - 173520 = 50 AXIOM per block
Blocks 173521 - 177840 = 25 AXIOM per block
Blocks 177841 - 182160 = 10 AXIOM per block
Blocks 182161 - 707760 = 5 AXIOM per block
Blocks 707761 - 1233360 = 2.5 AXIOM per block
Blocks 1233361 - 1758960 = 1.25 AXIOM per block
Blocks 1758961 - Forever = 1 AXIOM per block
Proof of Stake (POS) Schedule
Blocks 1 - 800 = 200 AXIOM per block
Blocks 801 - 1440 = 200 AXIOM per block
Blocks 1441 - 5040 = 100 AXIOM per block
Blocks 5041 - 9360 = 75 AXIOM per block
Blocks 9361 - 13680 = 60 AXIOM per block
Blocks 13681 - 18000 = 50 AXIOM per block
Blocks 18001 - 156240 = 5 AXIOM per block
Blocks 156241 - 160560 = 80 AXIOM per block
Blocks 160561 - 164880 = 200 AXIOM per block
Blocks 164881 - 169200 = 110 AXIOM per block
Blocks 169201 - 173520 = 60 AXIOM per block
Blocks 173521 - 177840 = 40 AXIOM per block
Blocks 177841 - 182160 = 20 AXIOM per block
Blocks 182161- 707760 = 5 AXIOM per block
Blocks 707761- 1233360 = 2.5 AXIOM per block
Blocks 1233361 - 1758960 = 1.25 AXIOM per block
Blocks 1758961 - Forever = 1 AXIOM per block
Blocks 1 - 200,000
FAQ
I can't figure out how many total PoW coins will be mined.
The total amount of coins will be close to 10 million in the next 4 years. 1 Million will be mined and staked during this first month. The total amount of coins will be 2.57 million after 3 months, heading into the second high dPoS phase. There will be 4.45 million total coins after 1.5 years, then the block reward will drop off sharply. We will have ongoing development and a whitepaper will be published soon, explaining the insecurities in Bitcoin and our solutions to these flaws.
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https://i.imgur.com/MisSNti.pngAxiomHash - Why CPU Only? - Hash Dominance| | Everyone reading this forum at this moment likely has a CPU capable of mining and staking this currency, expanding upon that, the vast majority of the world has a CPU capable of mining this currency in their homes, businesses and workplaces.
Through the altcoin explosion of 2013 and 2014 we observed the rise of ASIC mining technology and the mining arms races that followed. A couple of coins attempted to solve the arms race issue through the use of memory hard and other alternative algorithms but eventually were GPU accelerated. Even CPU algorithms like the original Quark and various combinations of SPH crypto algorithms like x11, x13, x15 have become accelerated and available for renting large pools of capacity through popular miner rental sites. This has lead to the centralization of mining power amongst the few people who operate large farms, and has lead to market dynamics that are focused on maximizing the cost of rentals, paying mining operational costs from profits, and market catabolism from these associated costs.
Mining dominance and centralization also leads to poor coin distribution at launch in many most, as large pools of centralized mining capacity will apply massive amounts of pooled hashpower, outcompete the average user and mine out large amounts of the available money supply. The result of which is instability and the destruction of potential value as coins are sold for small profits in a short span of time on nothing more than hash power, instead of being sold based upon the value of their actual usage scenarios, innovative properties, developer commitment, features, and forthcoming innovation.
This is crippling during the start up phase in which actual investors in the coins technology are faced with diminished value after purchase, and mining difficulties. Afterward, the dominant miners begins to sell off a large share of money supply rapidly, seeking only a quick profit on top of farm expenses, and profits from intentionally marked up rental hash before they move on to the next coin release only to repeat the catabolic cycle.
Market Catabolism
This cycle is catabolic in it’s nature for several reasons, perhaps often overlooked is the expense of operating such mining farms. A significant amount of the market value is sold to fiat to maintain their operations and cover operational expenses. This slowly drains value from the market, and creates an environment for traders that is discouraging and prone to loss, often causing the investors to leave the market for fear of incurring more financial loss as they were overcome by the sell off phase of the dominant miners.
Axiom seeks to once again decentralize mining powers, create an investor friendly environment for those seeking to invest in crypto currency and bring new technologies to cryptocurrencies as a greater state of adoption is achieved.
The Solution
Axiom solves these issues by using a brand new algorithm that does not have large pools of rentable capacity, and is resistant to hardware acceleration. The AxiomHash algorithm is a “Strict” memory hard hashing function based on RandMemoHash.
It is mineable through the wallet or using an external cpu miner. The external cpu miner offers no significant advantage in hashpower. There is no GPU acceleration of this algorithm. Although a hybrid cpu/gpu implementation is possible, according to the paper in which RandMemoHash was introduced GPU implementations will offer no significant advantage and may actually be less performant.
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Nicehash Algorithm Update
http://i.gyazo.com/da4640886e254f834c770e0300c5b3a0.png2015-07-29 AxiomHash algorithm has been added. Dear users, We're very glad to announce the support for first ever CPU-based hashing algorithm on NiceHash - the AxiomHash. AxiomHash is an interesting memory-hard algorithm, based on RandMemoHash, therefore it will most probably support several emerging altcoin currencies in the future. If you haven't already checked out CPU mining, this is probably the time to give it a try. It's very simple and you will be able to earn some Bitcoins by using your PCs, desktops, workstations and servers! Currently the only coin that uses the AxiomHash algorithm is the Axiom Coin. Please find below some brief instructions how to get started with Axion CPU mining. Please note: you should start CPU miner (minerd/cpuminer) with the correct number of threads. By default CPU miner uses the number of processors in the system. However, this might be sometimes inaccurate therefore we suggest you to start CPU miner with the number of all physical cores, available in your system to achieve best performance. For example, if you have a quad-core CPU, use "cpuminer -t 4 ...". Furthermore, if you want to leave CPU miner running in the background while still leaving some CPU resources for your day-to-day work, then specify -t parameter with less cores. Windows: download 32-bit/64-bit cpuminer from here unpack the zip package run CPU miner with the following command: EU: cpuminer.exe -a axiom -o stratum+tcp://axiom.eu.nicehash.com:3346 -u YOUR-BITCOIN-ADDRESS -p x USA: cpuminer.exe -a axiom -o stratum+tcp://axiom.usa.nicehash.com:3346 -u YOUR-BITCOIN-ADDRESS -p x See instructions for other stratum server locations on Getting Started page Linux: git clone https://github.com/tpruvot/cpuminer-multi.gitcd cpuminer-multi/ ./autogen.sh ./configure CFLAGS="-march=native" make run cpuminer with the following command: EU: ./cpuminer -a axiom -o stratum+tcp://axiom.eu.nicehash.com:3346 -u YOUR-BITCOIN-ADDRESS -p x USA: ./cpuminer -a axiom -o stratum+tcp://axiom.usa.nicehash.com:3346 -u YOUR-BITCOIN-ADDRESS -p x See instructions for other stratum server locations on Getting Started page Thank you for using our service and keep on hashing! Best regards NiceHash team © Axiom Cryptocurrency, est. 2015 |
