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盐业政企分离年底前完成
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Topic: 盐业政企分离年底前完成 (Read 142 times)
goocoin
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盐业政企分离年底前完成
May 20, 2017, 03:06:03 PM
#1
今年是盐业体制改革的全面实施年,《经济参考报》记者了解到,截至目前,我国31个省、市、自治区已全部出台盐业体制改革实施方案。目前,各地正在加速推进盐业“政企分离”,今年年底前,我国将建立全新的盐业监管体制。
国家发改委政策研究室副主任兼新闻发言人孟玮18日表示,开展食盐跨区经营的主要障碍是,部分地方盐务局和盐业公司政企不分,盐业公司为商业利益设置行政壁垒。发改委要求各地盐业主管机构或食盐安全监管机构的行政职能与盐业公司未分离的,今年6月30日前要编制完成省、市、县三级盐业监管体制改革方案,年底前要实现分离。
据了解,国家发改委、工信部联合相关部门赴地方进行了专项调研,并在此基础上联合印发了《关于进一步落实盐业体制改革有关工作的通知》,要求各省、自治区、直辖市结合当地实际,从7个方面开展落实盐改跨区经营政策专项行动,这7个方面包括:规范物流配送方式、有序开展自建渠道销售、严格企业信息告知范围、明确食盐质量监测要求、严格执行食盐加碘标准、加快建设食盐电子追溯体系和规范网上交易服务平台建设等。专项行动要求今年6月30日前完成。
在此背景下,不久前中盐总公司与中国邮政签署战略合作协议。据中国盐业总公司董事长李耀强介绍,双方将在物流配送、金融服务、资本运作、电子商务等方面开展深入合作。这被市场认为拉开了盐业产业链整合序幕。
当前,食盐批发企业开展跨区域经营已经迈出实质性步伐,多个地区鼓励地区外企业进入并开展食盐经营。记者日前从重庆市有关部门获悉,重庆市已经确定一步到位实行政企分开,撤销市盐务局,由市经信委作为盐业主管机构、市食药监局作为监管机构;6月30日前完成盐业监管执法职能移交工作。重庆市还鼓励市外企业进入开展食盐经营,截至3月底纳入目录并予以公示的企业达到105家,初步估算已占领全市三分之一的食盐市场。改革后,重庆原有专营企业小袋食盐批发价格、销售价格同比下降38%和33%,食品价格等行业用盐批发价格、销售价格同比下降32%和36%。
贵州省作为食盐的纯销区,也放开了食盐批发区域限制和批发零售价格,已有114家省外食盐生产企业和批发企业告知进入该省展开食盐经营。据贵州省经信委主任吴强介绍,年底前将省级食盐质量安全管理与监督职能移交省食药监管部门,实现政企分开,建立专业化的盐业监管体制。
食盐业在我国一直以来都是实行专营制度,这项制度主要由国务院1990年发布的《盐业管理条例》以及1996年发布的《食盐专营办法》进行规范与调整。按照上述文件,国家对食盐实行定点生产制度,对食盐的批发实行批发许可证制度。食盐的批发业务,则由各级盐业公司统一经营。
在专家看来,过去隐藏在中国食盐流通行业“暴利”的表象背后的,是长期以来政企不分,盐业监管机关和经营者混为一体并由此带来种种问题的体制缺陷。武汉大学竞争法与竞争政策研究中心主任孙晋此前在接受记者采访时表示,实行食盐专营制度的主要目的在于确保食盐安全和战略储备,这一制度本身无可厚非,但在现实运行中却产生了巨大偏差,甚至出现盐业公司非正常纵向垄断食盐市场的不合理现象,使食盐业运行背离制度的应然状态。而在绝大多数省、市、区里,盐务局和盐业公司是“一套机构,两块牌子”,形成事实上的“利益共同体”,造成了盐业公司参与甚至代行盐政管理和执法的政企不分、以企代政的直接后果。
去年4月,国务院印发《盐业体制改革方案》,从2017年起放开所有盐产品价格,取消食盐准运证,允许现有食盐定点生产企业进入流通销售领域,食盐批发企业可开展跨区域经营。专家表示,从指定区域内的独家专营,变为跨区域的多元主体共同竞争的行业专营,是盐业改革一大特点。行业专营的参与主体增多,区域限制被取消,盐业公司可以跨区域经营,生产性企业也可进入流通环节,竞争会非常激烈。经过市场优胜劣汰,会形成一批集研发、生产、销售于一体的盐业综合集团,出现若干个享誉全国的知名品牌,同时国际竞争力也有望增强
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