A malicious 51% attack has such a huge oppurtunity cost that no profit-seeking individual would be willing to forgo the chance to simply mine more coins.
Only someone who wanted to see Bitcoin fail would do it. This is an unsettling notion, but since only institutions (corps, governments) would want to do it, I'm not as worried that it will happen.
The recent lawsuit filed by Coinlabs against Mt.Gox shows that Bitcoins are at the verge of being something you can really sue about. Once that case plays out, Bitcoin will have legal precident. If an institution 51%-attacked the network to kill it, they would face legal trouble.
To answer your question though, if a double spend was successfully preformed, the price would either plummet to near zero, or have a major non-zero crash. It really depends on the size of the double-spend.