There can be as many causes as types of persons, but there's something that is constant in every depression case,
and it's that depression is a symptom of
re-adaptation to a chanching environment. When a traumatic event happens:
Your wife lefts you for someone else or your parents die or you can't get to be happy with who you are or with what
yo do for a living, you experience
grief. That grief is your sub-conscious mind telling you that something is wrong.
You need to re-adapt to this new environment (Being single again or learning to be independent from what your parents used to give you).
That need for re-adaptation can emerge not only from external events, but from inner perspective changes of the world.
Remember that award-winning picture of an african child who was starving and close to him was a vulture waiting for his death?
(this one)
The photographer who took that picture was so depressed for that picture that he commited suicide.
I think not because he was sad for that little girl, but because what that event which he was involved symbolically represents,
it should have meant a ground-shaking experience which changed totally his views about human nature and existence.
Remember this world is in constant change and it has been the case from it's beginnings, so re-adaptation and depression
is something that all of us can experience at some point in our lifes.