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周期股重回2010?
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Topic: 周期股重回2010? (Read 132 times)
isn366
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周期股重回2010?
November 23, 2017, 10:20:02 PM
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本文作者为广发证券策略团队廖凌、郑恺、曹柳龙,原文标题《周期股重回2010?》,授权华尔街见闻发表。5月底我们对市场的判断是“6月不悲观”(《6月可能没那么差(周末五分钟全知道(5月第5期))》),进入7月之后市场整体表现仍然强势,尤其本周的周期股(有色、钢铁、煤炭、造纸等)表现超出市场预期。周期股走强背后的逻辑主要是什么?未来周期股走势将如何演绎?就此问题,我们参考了2010年下半年的周期股走势,基本看法如下:1、从基本面来看,“需求下滑比想象的慢”和“供给调整比预期的快”造成了近期部分周期品的供需失衡,产品价格上涨使得周期股的“不确定性折价”趋于消失。市场此前对二季度以后的宏观经济形势争议极大,一些强周期行业始终面临“不确定性折价”;而进入6月份以后,工业企业利润增速和PMI等数据超预期表明2季度经济增长并不悲观,同时地产链在三四线城市去库存的背景下体现出较强的“韧性”,使得周期品需求端的悲观预期有所修复。供给端的调整则视不同品种体现出差异,供给受限的周期品(稀土、钢铁、小金属等)股价涨幅更高,这体现出供给因素对本轮周期品股价弹性的影响。2、本轮周期品行情比较容易让人联想到2010年,同样是地产调控加码,同样是对需求的预期由乐观到悲观再到修复,并且股价上涨的“推手”都是供需结构阶段性改善后带来的产品价格快速上涨。今年1-2月份部分周期品的量价数据很好,市场对于“新周期”的呼声很高但股价反而“涨不动”;2010年周期品一季度量价和企业盈利数据非常靓丽,但股价同样表现平淡。而造成周期品股价下跌的催化剂均是地产调控加码,今年是3月17日央行出手控制房贷总量,2010年则是4月份相继出台了“新国四条”和“新国十一条”。但接近年中时点后,投资者的直观感受是经济下行的速度并没有想象中的快,尤其是地产链条的调整慢于预期,使得市场对周期品需求的预期从悲观逐渐修复。3、通过和2010年下半年的周期品行情比较,我们认为本轮周期品需求端修复的程度略强于2010年,但供给收缩的速度显著弱于2010年,并且少了一个QE2的影响,使得本轮周期品行情可能会明显弱于2010年。2010年下半年,建材、有色、化工、煤炭等强周期行业涨幅较大,除了需求端预期修复的影响之外,更关键的驱动因素来自于“拉闸限电”带来的供给收紧和QE2预期下的全球流动性宽松,而周期品股价见顶的标志即是QE2的最终落地实施和“拉闸限电”政策的终结。今年的周期品缺乏2010年的流动性和供给政策环境,很难达到当年的反弹高度:第一,需求没有更强只是“下滑速度变慢了”,在“看长做短”的背景下行情的持续性更短;第二,供给端更多是以自发调整为主(例如钢材厂商在3.17地产调控加码后主动去库存),仅有部分产品供给因政策原因明显受限,如稀土(打黑影响)、造纸(环保政策)、电解铝(供给侧改革)等;第三,在“稳健中性”的货币政策导向下,流动性整体难言宽松。4、对未来周期股的趋势推演——需求的悲观预期修复在股价上已有反映,反弹持续性取决于供给端的边际变化;另外,经济没有大问题时,流动性会影响市场,周期品反弹后续会受到流动性环境和金融监管的制约。2010年周期品反弹的持续性更多依赖于供给收缩政策和货币宽松预期,需求并不是主导因素;今年5月下旬以来周期品超跌反弹已接近2个月,本周表现强势的板块更多是供给受限的涨价品种,假设没有更多供给收缩的因素支持,未来仅靠“需求下滑比想象的慢”已很难支撑周期品继续上涨。因此,我们判断后续周期品反弹更多是结构性的,供需失衡的品种相对更好,多数周期品将面临“慢熊”市场环境下“双二法则”(反弹不超过20%,幅度不超过20%)的制约。另外,和2010年最大不同的地方在于,今年“中性偏紧”的货币环境和从严执行的金融监管始终对周期品估值产生压制。5月份以来的流动性好于预期,加上金融监管进入难得的一段“喘息期”,也有利于周期股的短期表现。但进入7月中下旬,随着公开市场货币回笼压力加大、金融工作会议(预计于7月中旬召开)结束后金融监管因素加强,届时会对周期股反弹产生制约。5、关于市场趋势,5月底我们判断6月不悲观(该“紧”不“紧”),而7-8月份面临的风险是“资金+监管”(该“松”不“松”),存量资金博弈下周期品反弹一旦成为投资“主线”,反而要开始警惕由此产生的“一致性乐观预期”。本轮市场反弹主因在于经济失速风险下降、流动性压力缓解及监管节奏略缓,而进入三季度后市场面临的格局是经济温和放缓和政策“错峰”调控的组合,在基本面下行压力暂缓的背景下,流动性和金融监管逐渐成为决定市场的重要变量。总体上看,6月份政策的整体基调是“该紧不紧”,7-8月份由于金融去杠杆继续自查及核查的影响可能是“该松不松”, 对市场流动性的考验依然很大。对于周期品而言,若近期的反弹形成市场抱团的新“主线”,反而要警惕由于政策“错峰”调控带来的流动性边际收紧对市场走势的影响。而在此背景下,对于周期品需要选择能够“看长做长”的品种,我们建议从以下几条主线优选:其一是需求较旺、供给受限的品种,继续推荐与新能源汽车产业链相关的小金属如钴、锂、铜箔等,另外关注打黑影响的稀土;其次是供给侧改革存在增量逻辑的品种,如电解铝、火电等;再次是从配置“性价比”角度,优选估值与盈利存在匹配的周期品龙头(汽车、地产等),长期结构配置关注制造业全球化背景下的高铁、工程机械龙头。
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