cryptocurrency

[christabits]

Bitcoin was created as a peer to peer electronic cash system. It is a decentralized network of computers that stores transactions in a ledger, in the form of a blockchain. Bitcoin was created as an open-source project, which means the code was visible from the first day to the whole world to examine, copy, and modify.

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[christabits]

secondly, There is a lot of interest in the idea of ‘blockchain’ or ‘distributed ledger technology’ beyond the Bitcoin blockchain or beyond cryptocurrencies altogether. These proposals have morphed into a complex set of systems especially used in certain financial industry applications. These ‘blockchains’ are private by nature and usually work at an enterprise level

[etron]

what are the different types of cryptocurrencies?

what are the major differeces?

All cryptococcus that I think is basically the same for profit, the difference is when trading is making panic itself (forum trading). koinyapun different like BTC, DHAS, BCH, ETH, and others it all different in terms of profit.

[markleal]

First of all, I suppose you should differ cryptocurrencies based on protocol behind then.

Basically we could to separate protocols by next features:
1) Block validators motivation way based on consensus
2) Transaction and data storing rules

One of them give us way to exchange value in a private way (ZCash, Monero, Dash), another provide VM for smart-contracts. Some of them allow anyone to mine cryptocurrency, another require stakes to "forge" coins.

I think great way to understand most of them: select some which is most interested for you from list below and we will discuss more about them:
Top 100 Cryptocurrencies in few words

Code:

Name            | Sym.  | Description                             
----------------|-------|------------------------------------------
Bitcoin         | BTC   | Digital gold                             
Ethereum        | ETH   | Programmable contracts and money         
Bitcoin Cash    | BCH   | Bitcoin clone                           
Ripple          | XRP   | Enterprise payment settlement network   
Litecoin        | LTC   | Faster Bitcoin                           
Dash            | DASH  | Privacy-focused Bitcoin clone           
NEO             | NEO   | Chinese-market Ethereum                 
NEM             | XEM   | Batteries-included digital assets       
Monero          | XMR   | Private digital cash                     
Ethereum Classic| ETC   | Ethereum clone                           
IOTA            | MIOTA | Internet-of-things payments             
Qtum            | QTUM  | Ethereum contracts on Bitcoin           
OmiseGO         | OMG   | Banking, remittance, and exchange       
Zcash           | ZEC   | Private digital cash                     
BitConnect      | BCC   | Madoff-like investment fund             
Lisk            | LSK   | Decentralized applications in JavaScript
Cardano         | ADA   | Layered currency and contracts           
Tether          | USDT  | Price = 1 USD                           
Stellar Lumens  | XLM   | Digital IOUs                             
EOS             | EOS   | Decentralized applications on WebAssembly
Hshare          | HSR   | Blockchain switchboard                   
Waves           | WAVES | Decentralized exchange and crowdfunding 
Stratis         | STRAT | Decentralized applications in C#         
Komodo          | KMD   | Decentralized ICOs                       
Ark             | ARK   | Blockchain switchboard                   
Electroneum     | ETN   | Monero clone                             
Bytecoin        | BCN   | Privacy-focused cryptocurrency           
Steem           | STEEM | Reddit with money voting                 
Ardor           | ARDR  | Blockchain for spawning blockchains     
Binance Coin    | BNB   | Pay Binance exchange fees               
Augur           | REP   | Decentralized prediction market         
Populous        | PPT   | Invoice trading futures                 
Decred          | DCR   | Bitcoin with alternative governance     
TenX            | PAY   | Cryptocurrency credit card               
MaidSafeCoin    | MAID  | Rent disk space                         
BitcoinDark     | BTCD  | Zcoin close                             
BitShares       | BTS   | Decentralized exchange                   
Golem           | GNT   | Rent other people's computers           
PIVX            | PIVX  | Inflationary Dash clone                 
Gas             | GAS   | Pay fees on Neo                         
TRON            | TRX   | In-app-purchases                         
Vertcoin        | VTC   | Bitcoin clone                           
MonaCoin        | MONA  | Japanese Dogecoin                       
Factom          | FCT   | Decentralized record keeping             
Basic Attention | BAT   | Decentralized ad network                 
SALT            | SALT  | Cryptocurrency-backed loans             
Kyber Network   | KNC   | Decentralized exchange                   
Dogecoin        | DOGE  | Serious meme bitcoin clone               
DigixDAO        | DGD   | Organisation manages tokenized gold     
Veritaseum      | VERI  | Vaporware                               
Walton          | WTC   | IoT Blockchain                           
SingularDTV     | SNGLS | Decentralized Netflix                   
Bytom           | BTM   | Physical assets as tokens               
Byteball Bytes  | GBYTE | Decentralized database and currency     
GameCredits     | GAME  | Video game currency                     
Metaverse ETP   | ETP   | Chinese Ethereum plus identity           
GXShares        | GXS   | Decentralized Chinese Equifax           
Syscoin         | SYS   | Decentralized marketplace               
Siacoin         | SC    | Rent disk space                         
Status          | SNT   | Decentralized application browser       
0x              | ZRX   | Decentralized exchange                   
Verge           | XVG   | Privacy Dogecoin                         
Lykke           | LKK   | Digital asset exchange                   
Civic           | CVC   | Identity and Authentication App         
Blocknet        | BLOCK | Decentralized exchange                   
Metal           | MTL   | Payments with rewards program           
Iconomi         | ICN   | Digital asset investment funds           
Aeternity       | AE    | Decentralized apps (prototype)           
DigiByte        | DGB   | Faster Bitcoin                           
Bancor          | BNT   | Token Index Funds                       
Ripio Credit    | RCN   | Co-signed Cryptocurrency Loans           
ATMChain        | ATM   | Advertising network                     
Gnosis          | GNO   | Decentralized prediction market         
VeChain         | VEN   | Supply chain item IDs                   
Pura            | PURA  | Cryptocurrency                           
Particl         | PART  | Privacy marketplace and chat             
KuCoin Shares   | KCS   | Profit-sharing exchange fees             
Bitquence       | BQX   | Mint for cryptocurrency investments     
FunFair         | FUN   | Decentralized casino                     
ChainLink       | LINK  | External data for contracts             
Power Ledger    | POWR  | Airbnb for electricity                   
Nxt             | NXT   | Cryptocurrency and marketplace           
Monaco          | MCO   | Cryptocurrency credit card               
Cryptonex       | CNX   | Zerocoin clone                           
MCAP            | MCAP  | Mining investment fund                   
Storj           | STORJ | Rent disk space                         
ZenCash         | ZEN   | Privacy-focused Bitcoin clone           
Nexus           | NXS   | Bitcoin clone                           
Neblio          | NEBL  | Decentralized application platform       
Zeusshield      | ZSC   | Decentralized insurance                 
Streamr DATAcoin| DATA  | Real-time data marketplace               
ZCoin           | XZC   | Private digital cash                     
NAV Coin        | NAV   | Bitcoin with private transactions       
AdEx            | ADX   | Advertising exchange                     
Open Trading    | OTN   | Decentralized exchange                   
SmartCash       | SMART | Zcoin clone with rewards                 
Bitdeal         | BDL   | Bitcoin clone                           
Loopring        | LRC   | Decentralized exchange                   
Edgeless        | EDG   | Decentralized casino                     
FairCoin        | FAIR  | Bitcoin that rewards savers

Hi there alerdenisov! Nice post! I wonder if you could have include the programming languages they use in each of those coins and it could be more awesome if the protocols were also be indicated. Anyway, I can't see a table like that so i affirm your good work there. I just don't have enough merit to add it for you.

what are the different types of cryptocurrencies?
what are the major differeces?

I think you could also check this post https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=134179.0 to to gain more further insight with different coins. As of now most of the so called "major coins" are listed by their price and popularity or other are by market cap and traded volume and not by the innovation it brings.

[chimcoin]

These are some of the deference  among this few cryptocurrency :
 
Bitcoin ,invented in 2009, is the largest cryptocurrency by value. A whitepaper was released by Satoshi Nakamoto, outlining the aim of the project. The original document stated that bitcoin is a "peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution." It runs on a technology known as blockchain, which is a digital ledger of activity that cannot be tampered with. It's decentralized because there is no central authority governing bitcoin.

Ethereum, the name of a blockchain company that has created the digital token ether. But Ethereum and ether are now used interchangeably to refer to the cryptocurrency.
Ether is backed by a blockchain, much like bitcoin, but the technology is slightly different and aimed at a specific use case: smart contracts.

Bitcoin cash, Bitcoin cash was created earlier this year after bitcoin split in what is known as a "hard fork."  

Ripple, Ripple markets itself as a cross-border payments solution for large financial institutions based on blockchain technology..The Ripple digital currency, known as XRP, can be used by enterprise to get instant liquidity needed in a high-value transaction, without having to pay fees.
XRP acts as a bridge between fiat currencies during a transaction. Ripple said transactions in XRP can be settled in four seconds, faster than any major cryptocurrency right now.

Litcoin,  bitcoin's closest rival in terms of the use case. Founder Charlie Lee has, on numerous occasions, said the cryptocurrency can be used for payments because it's faster than bitcoin.
There is a limited supply of 84 million litecoins, compared to 21 million bitcoin. Currently, 54,293,533 litecoin and 16,740,175 bitcoin are in circulation.

[Pei]

Bitcoin is the first crypto currency in the crypto graphy network all other crypto currencies are the followers of the original crypto currency with additional features in them, all other crypto currencies other than bitcoins are termed as altcoins and currently there are more than 1500 crypto currencies or altcoins in the crypto graphy network, some of the good altcoins are litecoin, peercoin, dash coin , primecoin the differences will be the transaction speed will be higher in the altcoins with low cost of transaction compared to bitcoins.

[Anti-Cen]

Block-Chain as one big long snake won't scale if you want all transactions "on-Block" and sooner or later you are going to hit the buffers
regardless of the block size or timing and even with compression of the blocks using something like Segwit

Distributed Network Architecture (DNA) has been around for years and the developer of Bitcoin forgot to use it
from day one and now they have hit the buffers as would be expected with the database now being something
over 200gb of data.

Ripple, IOTA, HashGraph, NEO have all solved the problem using various techniques and it's systems like these
that will survive in the long term and they have traded off academic arguments against practicability when
it comes to centralization which Bitcoin with the lightning network has also been forced to do but they got this
wrong also because the banker hubs are not distributed so if the bank goes down and you only have one channel
open then your on a bank holiday, like it or not.

Block-chain is good but they have a missing link that I am investigating that will allow the BC to scale but it cannot
be retrofitted to Bitcoin and is a type if hybrid BC but it requires specialist nodes in a cluster that I call coordinators
because one size fits all results in every man/node for himself and this just creates network clutter.