Asus M4A87TD EVO AMD870
AMD Phenom II X6 1090T Processor 3.2
Corsair Enthusiast Series 750-Watt 80 Plus Bronze Certified PSU. Single chain - yes, I have both the 6 pin and 8 pin connectors plugged in.
Corsair 16gb XMS3 PC3-1333 DDR3 Ram
Evga GeForce GT 430 1 GB DDR3 (old GPU that is working)
This may or may not be the problem, but it's generally advised that you turn off the on-board graphics when using a PCI-e card, particularly when one is nVidia and the other is AMD architecture as there is potential for driver conflicts...
The PSU should be plenty of wattage, if you have another KNOWN working PSU around the same wattage or higher I would try swapping them out just to eliminate a faulty PSU as being the issue.
Everything else looks good there.
Now that all my 290x drivers/catalyst are uninstalled. I wonder if I should install the latest 14.1 beta catalyst and then put the 290x in again and try it. Or is that a no no to install first?
Others may disagree with this, but I suggest when removing nvidia or AMD drivers to always do so in safe mode using driver sweeper because I myself have had personal experience with the packaged uninstallers not removing drivers entirely and not completely removing their registry entries. I think you should uninstall the drivers entirely and then re-install the latest drivers.
If all of that fails, I would take the card back and have it looked at as I assume it is still under warranty.
Let me know what results you come back with.