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Author Topic: Ledger wallet App Isolation Bypass Alert  (Read 269 times)
dkbit98 (OP)
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August 04, 2020, 04:42:19 PM
Merited by NeuroticFish (2), hugeblack (2), o_e_l_e_o (2), vapourminer (1), ABCbits (1), chronicsky (1), Pmalek (1), casperBGD (1), Rikafip (1)
 #1

Website Monokh released report for new vulnerability found in wallet can lead to theft of user funds.
Anyone using Bitcoin forks (Litecoin, BCash, testnet Bitcoin etc.) could e affected with this issue.

Ledger was informed about this but it still remain unaddressed!


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Summary

The ledger device exposes bitcoin (mainnet) public key and signing functionality outside of the "Bitcoin" app. It presents misleading transaction confirmation requests indicating the selected app's addresses and amounts when in fact different transactions are being signed.

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The issue

It was discovered that for Bitcoin and Bitcoin forks, the device exposes it's functions for any of the assets. In other words, having unlocked the Litecoin app, you will receive a confirmation request for a Bitcoin transfer while the interface presents it as a transfer of Litecoins to a Litecoin address. Accepting the confirmation produces a fully valid signed Bitcoin (mainnet) transaction.

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Steps to reproduce:

    Open the Litecoin app

    Retrieve mainnet bitcoin (segwit) addresses using getWalletPublicKey('84'/0'/0'/').publicKey

    Query UTXOs and construct a bitcoin transaction to spend outputs

    Send createPaymentTransactionNew(...) to prompt device for signing this transaction

    Receive Bitcoin Mainnet valid signed transaction

Expectation: Ledger device should throw an error at step 2 and step 4 and prevent execution

Actual: Ledger prompts user for a litecoin transaction and produces a valid signed transaction spending the Bitcoin utxos

Quote
Impact

The implications are serious. As briefly covered, users expect to be protected by the ledger device when they have not unlocked their Bitcoin app. Yet, while having an altcoin unlocked, external applications can still:

-   Read the Bitcoin xpub (thereby knowing all addresses belonging to the wallet)
-   Prompt Bitcoin transactions from the device that will be displayed as altcoin transactions

What is easy solution for regular users?
- Avoid using any altcoin apps in Ledger walet.

Website source:
https://monokh.com/posts/ledger-app-isolation-bypass

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o_e_l_e_o
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August 04, 2020, 07:15:00 PM
 #2

A fix is in the works, but has not yet been released - https://donjon.ledger.com/lsb/014/. It seems Ledger was notified of this via their bounty program months ago, and have been working on the fix, so it's not entirely clear why they haven't released it yet before this was made public. Apparently it will released in the next few days.

Until then, you should either avoid using altcoins stored on your Ledger altogether as dkbit98 has said, or if you must use altcoins then first transfer your bitcoin to a separate wallet. You could generate a new wallet on your Ledger by using a brand new passphrase and move all your bitcoin to there, which would let you continue to use your altcoins without risk to your bitcoin.
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August 05, 2020, 10:04:31 AM
Merited by vapourminer (1), ABCbits (1)
 #3

But based on the date on Ledger's page, looks like they just starting to make the fix after the article is published since the article mention there's no response from Ledger before the vulnerability is publicly disclosed.
There's some more context in this reddit thread: https://www.reddit.com/r/ledgerwallet/comments/i3kr76/new_ledger_vulnerability/g0c2x7i/. btchip is one of Ledger's co-founders and executive. The TL;DR is that they knew about it, were working on it, but missed the deadlines because of COVID and being busy dealing with the data leak. That I could maybe accept if they had previously made a post saying "There is a vulnerability and here is what you need to do about it until we get it fixed", but to leave all their users completely in the dark is unacceptable.

Ledger reputation is going downhill quickly in this year.
Agreed.
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August 05, 2020, 11:59:39 AM
 #4

What is easy solution for regular users?
- Avoid using any altcoin apps in Ledger walet.

Aaaand this pretty much makes Ledger Nano X no longer worth buying.

Although I'd add something else too:

What is easy solution for regular users?
- Keep on daily use hardware wallets only the funds you use often (and keep the HODL funds separately).

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August 05, 2020, 12:39:46 PM
Merited by vapourminer (1)
 #5

I have read that this vulnerability was reported on May 4[1], so monokh committed to the three-month period before the vulnerability was announced which was yesterday.

It is strange that Ledger support team did not move to fix it and they had about 3 months to repair and improve their reputation, even as the responses were worrying[2].

Quote
What is easy solution for regular users?
- Avoid using any altcoin apps in Ledger walet.

I do not think that the risk includes all altcoins, but all Bitcoin Hardforks.


this is  the list of effective coins:

source ----> https://unhashed.com/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-forks-list/
Read about other altcoins ---> https://unhashed.com/bitcoin-cryptocurrency-forks-list/

[1] https://monokh.com/posts/ledger-app-isolation-bypass
[2]
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the release date was unfortunately overlooked because holidays, covid and other issues.

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August 05, 2020, 01:38:31 PM
 #6

Ledger reputation is going downhill quickly in this year.

There is no doubt about it at all, the bad news comes one after the other and we can only wonder what is next. I’m just wondering if they’ll finally realize that security comes first, and only then add support for various shitcoins and options to buy coins directly via Ledger Live.



Aaaand this pretty much makes Ledger Nano X no longer worth buying.

It's not just the Nano X, all models have the same vulnerability - but still, in order for someone to take advantage of this vulnerability, certain conditions must be met - and everything I read comes down to someone using a fake version of the wallet. The following comment perhaps best describes the situation:

Crypto-Guide
  For someone to steal your funds, so that you send it to them, the attacker has to supply both the malicious wallet and the address to send to on the altcoin chain. The user would also need to have enough Bitcoin for the amount to match as well, someone won't be confirming 5 LTC on device and then sending some different amount of Bitcoin... The crux of the argument for this one is basically that people won't even bother to check the ledger for altcoins, but this is true with any hardware wallet... (Eg if people don't check, they probably won't even notice if it were for a different coin)

Like the "double confirmation" type vulnerability, this one is more likely to result in someone being ticked in to sending their coins down hole. The main issue with this one is really a potential loss of privacy due to a wallet querying public keys beyond the scope of the "normal" derivation path.

In my mind, this is can only really be considered a vulnerability by some because Ledger oversold how segregated the coin apps are on the marketing side... A user has to be careless in multiple ways to actually lose funds to this one.

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August 05, 2020, 02:02:29 PM
 #7

It's not just the Nano X, all models have the same vulnerability

My point was that if you don't use it for altcoins you can simply just buy the cheaper Nano S or the cheapest Trezor.
But you're right, I was not clear enough on that.


Of course that the wallet has to be malicious, but we already had a good share of such wallets exactly for "cashing in" various Bitcoin hard forks.

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August 05, 2020, 02:50:05 PM
 #8

even as the responses were worrying
COVID and the data breach I could accept. Holidays is unacceptable. If you have a critical vulnerability that can result in your users losing all their bitcoin, I expect people to be working overtime to get it fixed ASAP. And they knew about it for months. The entire security team was on holiday for 3 months? Come on.

I do not think that the risk includes all altcoins, but all Bitcoin Hardforks.
Ledger released a list of all the coins affected on the link I shared above: https://donjon.ledger.com/lsb/014/

I’m just wondering if they’ll finally realize that security comes first, and only then add support for various shitcoins and options to buy coins directly via Ledger Live.
That's actually a very good point. Ledger Live trading was launched a couple of months ago, which means they were developing and launching this while they were fully aware of this bug. COVID and holidays aren't an issue when it comes to launching a service with ridiculous fees to bump up their profits it seems. Roll Eyes



I use very few altcoins, the ones I do use wouldn't make my bitcoin susceptible, and the altcoin wallets I do have are stored under different passphrases from my bitcoin wallets, so it wouldn't matter anyway, but I am incredibly unimpressed by Ledger's attitude to this.
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August 05, 2020, 04:47:39 PM
 #9

I don't use any shitcoin apps in Ledger so I am not affected so much, but I think Ledger reputation is going down with elevator speed  Tongue
Pure shit I tell you!
And Ledger gang is very quiet  Grin

That's actually a very good point. Ledger Live trading was launched a couple of months ago, which means they were developing and launching this while they were fully aware of this bug.
That is true.
Author or this article (who informed them about this issue) had to release his own article (monokh.com) and force them to address this issue.

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August 05, 2020, 05:31:17 PM
 #10

Actually Ledger folks seem to have made a fix.
I've just read this:

The Bitcoin app that fixes the issue in Bitcoin derivative apps is available -- for Nano X and Nano S. You can update your app on Ledger Live now.

On Twitter there are more linked posts there.

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o_e_l_e_o
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August 05, 2020, 07:15:48 PM
 #11

Sit on the problem for 3 months, claim that they are too busy to fix it, blame COVID and the holidays, and then push a fix 24 hours after the bug is publicly revealed due to community backlash. At the moment I still prefer my Ledger devices over my Trezor devices due to the unfixable Trezor vulnerability, but this really isn't a good look for Ledger as a company.

At least it's fixed. Everyone make sure to update. And if you haven't already, think about creating properly airgapped and encrypted cold storage.
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August 05, 2020, 09:51:08 PM
 #12

2020-08-02   90 days deadline reached. Ledger started the test and release process for the fixed Bitcoin app.
Ummmm what? They only started the test and release process after the deadline was reached??!? Huh They had nearly 3 months to sort this out... and apparently had the "fix" done but not tested on deadline day??!?  Shocked

Ledger
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August 06, 2020, 09:36:41 AM
 #13

I’m just wondering if they’ll finally realize that security comes first, and only then add support for various shitcoins and options to buy coins directly via Ledger Live.
That's actually a very good point. Ledger Live trading was launched a couple of months ago, which means they were developing and launching this while they were fully aware of this bug. COVID and holidays aren't an issue when it comes to launching a service with ridiculous fees to bump up their profits it seems. Roll Eyes

And it is more than clear why Ledger, as a company, takes such a rather frivolous stance when it comes to discoveries like this - they think that the possibility of a successful attack (although the possibility exists) is very small. And to be honest, every vulnerability found is fixed sooner or later - fact is that there is no documented case of someone being hacked for any security vulnerability, which still makes a hardware wallet one of the more secure ways to store crypto.

However, I believe that Ledger must pay more attention to security and test its devices for all possible attacks on a daily basis. Everything that has been happening lately is just the result of the company's wrong business policy - and in addition to the already mentioned Ledger Live trading options, there are also Ledger branded clothing and Ledger metal backup plates.

Personally, I have nothing against it - but security should come first, no matter how trivial it may seem from a security point of view.

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August 06, 2020, 10:51:34 AM
 #14

they think that the possibility of a successful attack (although the possibility exists) is very small.
I think this vulnerability was particularly bad, actually. Lots of people claim bitcoin forks such as cash, gold, diamond, private, etc. Lots of people who claim these forks have never used those respective coins or their wallets before, and are unfamiliar with the processes involved. There have been quite a few instances of people losing all their fork coins to malicious wallets. Imagine now if these people had also lost all their bitcoin, via a vulnerability Ledger knew about but hadn't fixed or warned anyone about?
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August 06, 2020, 04:56:16 PM
 #15

I said it before, from the moment when they started to include all of the shitcoins and forks, that this will only hurt them in the long run.
They should better focus on privacy features and improving LedgerLive with adding Tor for example, and remove that stupid ads.
I don't like to see them every time I need to update.

This is what I got this time, and I had to restart several times to get it working and updating.


I hope they will learn something from this.

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August 06, 2020, 05:07:25 PM
 #16

The same vulnerability seems to have affected Trezor:

Missing path isolation check

We have amended our Trezor One code to include a missing path isolation check, which is already in place for the Trezor Model T.
This check prevents a user from spending coins from known paths (BIP44, BIP49, BIP84), if the coin type does not match the path.
Without this check, an attacker could trick the user into signing a Bitcoin transaction while thinking they are signing a testnet or altcoin transaction.


While this vulnerability definitely poses some risk, it is not the worst one could imagine.
Not using a compromised computer / fake version of a wallet or restraining from trading shitcoins for a while will keep you safe.

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August 06, 2020, 07:08:06 PM
 #17

I said it before, from the moment when they started to include all of the shitcoins and forks, that this will only hurt them in the long run.
They should better focus on privacy features and improving LedgerLive with adding Tor for example, and remove that stupid ads.
Agreed. I've also said before that it is ridiculous that they are focusing on adding shitcoin support when Ledger Live still doesn't allow address or UTXO control/management. I initially refused to use it over Electrum because of the UTXO control, but as time goes on and they add a ridiculous trading platform and ads (ads in a product I've already paid for, no less), as well as the horrendous privacy concerns, I'm glad I never use it and it will take some significant changes before I ever do use it.

restraining from trading shitcoins for a while will keep you safe.
This applies to pretty much everything to do with crypto, not just hardware wallets. Tongue

Is there any suggestion that there was a similar bug bounty submitted to Trezor, or have they just seen the Ledger one, examined their own devices, and realized they were also susceptible?
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August 07, 2020, 10:24:39 AM
 #18

Is there any suggestion that there was a similar bug bounty submitted to Trezor, or have they just seen the Ledger one, examined their own devices, and realized they were also susceptible?

Such information does not exist (at least I did not find it anywhere), so we can assume that the Trezor fix (new firmware) most likely has something to do with Ledger. If we look through history of Ledger&Trezor, they have identical or similar vulnerabilities, and the only difference is who will fix them first. Of course the difference is also that some things in Trezor case can’t be fixed with new firmware, which in my opinion is an even greater cause for concern.

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August 07, 2020, 11:26:36 AM
 #19

Is there any suggestion that there was a similar bug bounty submitted to Trezor, or have they just seen the Ledger one, examined their own devices, and realized they were also susceptible?

I guess only Trezor knows.
But according to https://trezor.io/security/, there hasn't been such a vulnerability reported and fixed.

So i would assume, they checked their device upon seeing the vulnerability affecting Ledger. But only a guess tho.

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August 07, 2020, 03:13:03 PM
 #20

Is there any suggestion that there was a similar bug bounty submitted to Trezor, or have they just seen the Ledger one, examined their own devices, and realized they were also susceptible?

I guess only Trezor knows.
But according to https://trezor.io/security/, there hasn't been such a vulnerability reported and fixed.

So i would assume, they checked their device upon seeing the vulnerability affecting Ledger. But only a guess tho.
They did release an update (to the Trezor One) to address issues related to this vulnerability: https://blog.trezor.io/firmware-updates-for-trezor-model-t-version-2-3-2-and-trezor-model-one-version-1-9-2-f4f9c0f1ed7c

Quote
Missing path isolation check

We have amended our Trezor One code to include a missing path isolation check, which is already in place for the Trezor Model T. This check prevents a user from spending coins from known paths (BIP44, BIP49, BIP84), if the coin type does not match the path. Without this check, an attacker could trick the user into signing a Bitcoin transaction while thinking they are signing a testnet or altcoin transaction.

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