The current character limit is 80 characters for a topic title and 84 characters for a topic reply title. In the topic reply title the additional four characters are used for "Re: " but if you want you can use this addition four character space with whatever you want.
I have tested it on this topic:
https://ninjastic.space/topic/5299629 (sorry mod for this extra job, I was too curious LOL)
However, in the default SMF the limit is 255 characters. Read this please:
https://www.simplemachines.org/community/index.php?topic=436723.0Update:
It seems your issue is not in character count. I checked the number of characters which is 80 for the following title:
【簡単に稼げる】Google Play日本版でふしぎの国のアリス(日本語吹替版のみ!)を購入して私に送ってください。ビットコインで4千円の手数料をお支払いします
But the remaining characters after the cut off is 45 characters:
【簡単に稼げる】Google Play日本版でふしぎの国のアリス(日本語吹替版のみ!)を&
I think when the characters are counting by the system for the local language then it's messing up with it's unicode.