◦ Reformatted and reinitialized with macOS APFS volumes, which now show nearly the entire drive as “free space”
I don't know how MacOS handles TRIM but I would assume due to not easily replaceable soldered SSD storage that reformated and reinitialized "free space" has been TRIMed already. Question is now how and what data Apple SSD flash storage returns when read again after being TRIMed.
Regarding data recovery from flash media I read somewhere that TRIMed areas can return either garbage, zeroes or (if lucky) the old data that was stored. The problem is that flash media doesn't behave like oldschool harddrive media. Data blocks can be remapped, garbage collection of the flash controller can destroy data of TRIMed regions as those regions are not considered to have data that needs to be kept.
From what I read, data recovery from flash media can be really problematic if you can't stop or avoid the nasty
with respect to data recovery things like TRIM and other flash storage controller specialties of wear leveling.
Creating a forensic image of the SSD storage should have been done as early as possible. It doesn't sound like it has been done, does it?
To evaluate further recovery chances one could try to determine what data is recoverable from TRIMed regions of this MacBook model, preferably with another similar MacBook and MacOS version. Because, if TRIMed regions don't return their previous data, I doubt it's worth to proceed further recovery attempts.