The National Ulema Council of Indonesia declared cryptocurrencies haram

[shahzadafzal]

Salam to all Indonesian friends I just recently saw this new on one of Pakistan news website that "The National Ulema Council of Indonesia has reportedly declared cryptocurrencies as haram"?

What do you guys think of this? Is it true?

Also if you can share the reference to the original news I want to know based on what Islamic references this decision is made?

The National Ulema Council of Indonesia has reportedly declared cryptocurrencies as haram (illegal) and prohibited Muslims from trading due to their features of uncertainty, betting, and harm.

Talking to media persons, Secretary Fatwa Commission of Indonesian Ulema Council, Asrorun Ni’am Sholeh, said the digital assets and cryptocurrencies in general exhibited “elements of uncertainty, wagering, and harm”, and hence were banned for Muslims.

The cryptocurrencies have apparently failed to qualify for authenticity under the Islamic rules in Indonesia. There is a considerable debate and delay on the approval of the said technology.

https://propakistani.pk/2021/11/12/muslims-ordered-to-take-out-money-from-haram-cryptocurrencies/?fbclid=IwAR1djXHdftLRn2-GA2xpTZdb5VIOw7LGxJ_rfpgpf13vuW1O8FsR6VOn7As

Edit:
Note to admin: If this topic is in a wrong sub please move it to correct one e.g. Off-topic

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[Husna QA]

Also if you can share the reference to the original news I want to know based on what Islamic references this decision is made?

You can read the information on the official reference link below:
https://mui.or.id/berita/32209/keputusan-fatwa-hukum-uang-kripto-atau-cryptocurrency/

[ABCbits]

What do you guys think of this?

Take note there are many Islam Organization is Indonesia (This Wikipedia page mention few of them) and AFAIK few of them have different stance.

[shahzadafzal]

You can read the information on the official reference link below:
https://mui.or.id/berita/32209/keputusan-fatwa-hukum-uang-kripto-atau-cryptocurrency/

I tried to translate it into english... I understood some but did not understand what is the meaning of "gharar, dharar, qimar".

I remember this was recently asked in on Islamqa also and they clearly said "we are unable to issue a fatwa concerning it."

No ruling and declaring haram are very opposite and haram is very strong word, being a Muslim one should avoid "haram"  need some more R&D.

https://islamqa.info/en/answers/360668/what-is-the-ruling-on-buying-and-selling-bitcoin

[mamesso]

I tried to translate it into english... I understood some but did not understand what is the meaning of "gharar, dharar, qimar".

I remember this was recently asked in on Islamqa also and they clearly said "we are unable to issue a fatwa concerning it."

No ruling and declaring haram are very opposite and haram is very strong word, being a Muslim one should avoid "haram"  need some more R&D.

https://islamqa.info/en/answers/360668/what-is-the-ruling-on-buying-and-selling-bitcoin

Maybe you can find the answer here.
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5370518.msg58420634#msg58420634

The decision was made based on the deliberations of scholars throughout Indonesian. According to me, Ulema decision could not be wrong,  ecause before a decision is made, they have studied how cryptocurrencies work.
whatever the ulema say about cryptocurrencies, whether from a positive or negative side, the decision is up to each of us.

[ShowOff]

I tried to translate it into english... I understood some but did not understand what is the meaning of "gharar, dharar, qimar".

That's the term that Islam and its religious leaders use in assessing transaction involving money "payment instrument" , it may be different in other countries as there are terms you may not have heard of in your country. You can use this help to find the correct meaning of the term. Make sure you translate it in a language you understand. https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaman_Utama

[noorman0]

I tried to translate it into english... I understood some but did not understand what is the meaning of "gharar, dharar, qimar".

These are absorption of the Arabic texts:
ضرر / Dharar
غرر / Gharar
قمار / Qimar
The three terms are described here

I honestly think their studies are weak because of this

Ijtima Ulama diikuti oleh 700 peserta. Peserta terdiri dari unsur Dewan Pimpinan Majelis Ulama Indonesia Pusat, anggota Komisi Fatwa MUI Pusat, pimpinan komisi/badan/lembaga di MUI Pusat.

Selain itu, dalam pertemuan itu dihadiri pimpinan MUI Provinsi, pimpinan Komisi Fatwa MUI Provinsi, pimpinan Majelis Fatwa Ormas Islam, pimpinan pondok pesantren, pimpinan Fakultas Syariah/IAIAN/PTKI di Indonesia.

out of 700 participants, no crypto people (at least technically savvy) was involved in the conference.

As @ETFbitcoin said, every organization in Indonesia tends to have a different view especially on new things, and can ignore the MUI fatwa to comply with the fatwa of the organization being followed. Take NU for example, the largest organization even launched their cryptocurrency last month (source).

[mu_enrico]

Ayub, M., 2008, Understanding Islamic Finance, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, stated:

Gharar

Gharar: Literally, uncertainty, hazard, risk relating to major elements of a contract; technically, sale of a thing which is not present at hand, or the sale of a thing whose consequence or outcome is not known, or a sale in which one does not know whether it will come to be or not, such as fish in water or a bird in the air. It refers to an element of absolute or excessive uncertainty in any business or a contract about the subject of contract or its price, or mere speculative risk. It leads to undue loss to a party and unjustified enrichment of another, which is prohibited. Gambling is a form of Gharar because the gambler is ignorant of the result of the gamble. Selling goods without allowing the buyer to properly examine the goods is also a kind of Gharar. Some examples of Gharar are: selling goods that the seller is unable to deliver; selling known or unknown goods against an unknown price, such as selling the contents of a sealed box without exact information about its contents; selling goods without proper description; selling goods without specifying the price, such as selling at the “going price”.

Dharar

3.3.5 Freedom from Dharar (Detriment)
This refers to saving others from any harm due to a contract between two parties. The concept of rights and liabilities is there in Islam like other systems. Of course, the rights are much more strongly enforced in the Islamic framework, with a provision of right/option for the informationally disadvantaged party to reverse its position. The State and regulators are duty bound to ensure fair play and justice for all and that the forces with vested interests do not create hardship for the masses. If the regulators come to the conclusion that the majority of investors are naïve and irrational, they can take a paternal approach to protect them from the unhealthy practices of any of the market players.

Qimar

Qim¯ar: Games of chance – gambling. Technically, it is an arrangement in which possession of a property is contingent upon the happening of an uncertain event. By implication, this applies to a situation in which there is a loss for one party and a gain for the other without specifying which party will lose and which will gain.

[Husna QA]

I tried to translate it into english... I understood some but did not understand what is the meaning of "gharar, dharar, qimar".

I remember this was recently asked in on Islamqa also and they clearly said "we are unable to issue a fatwa concerning it."

No ruling and declaring haram are very opposite and haram is very strong word, being a Muslim one should avoid "haram"  need some more R&D.

https://islamqa.info/en/answers/360668/what-is-the-ruling-on-buying-and-selling-bitcoin

If you are a Muslim and want to know more about the meaning of the terms above, you should ask the competent ulema. This term can also be seen in fiqh books (for example, Al-Fiqhu al-Islamiyyu wa Adillatuhu, Chapter on Financial Transactions Law written by Wahbah az-Zuhaili, a scholar from Syria).

You can also read some shariah analysis on Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency and Blockchain here:
https://islamicbankers.files.wordpress.com/2019/02/2017-shariah-analysis-of-bitcoin-cryptocurrency-blockchain.pdf

[oHnK]

If you are a Muslim and want to know more about the meaning of the terms above, you should ask the competent ulema. This term can also be seen in fiqh books (for example, Al-Fiqhu al-Islamiyyu wa Adillatuhu, Chapter on Financial Transactions Law written by Wahbah az-Zuhaili, a scholar from Syria).

You can also read some shariah analysis on Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency and Blockchain here:
https://islamicbankers.files.wordpress.com/2019/02/2017-shariah-analysis-of-bitcoin-cryptocurrency-blockchain.pdf

Terlepas dari pertanyaan OP, saya jadi penasaran pandangan temen temen disni yang muslim. Tidak beda pada saat pertama kali uang kertas di ciptakan, ulama juga sempat mengharamkannya. Namun saat ini sudah jelas kita semua menggunakannya dan tdk ada lagi yang mempermasalahkannya.

3 hal yang menjadi alasan yaitu ketidakpastian, dampak kerugian, dan gambling. Jika saat ini sistem ekonomi terus memberikan gap kemiskinan yang sangat besar karena inflasi mengurangi nilai fiat itu sendiri, dan saya mencari alternatif dengan menyimpan nilai menggunakan bitcoin, apakah salah dan saya melakukan hal yang haram?

Sebenernya saya cukup kecewa dengan fatwa tersebut, faktanya ada banyak temen ku yg karna BTC bisa bangun rumah padahal mereka dari keluarga tidak mampu.

[skarais]

Sebenernya saya cukup kecewa dengan fatwa tersebut, faktanya ada banyak temen ku yg karna BTC bisa bangun rumah padahal mereka dari keluarga tidak mampu.

Tugasnya Ulama kan melakukan kajian, menelusuri, mengeluarkan fatwa, memberitahu berdasarkan hukum Islam dan itu sebenarnya tidak salah. Saya bahkan tidak akan menyalahkan Ulama seandainya mereka memiliki pandangan bitcoin atau cryto itu haram hukumnya karena banyak digunakan untuk judi misalnya, transaksi narkoba, pencucian uang, penghindaran pajak ataupun hal lainnya yang mana juga melanggar aturan pemerintah.

Agan tidak mesti kecewa dulu karena pada dasarnya Ulama itu mengeluarkan fatwa berdasarkan kasus per kasus. Saya ingat saat Ulama memfatwa bahwa rokok itu haram (ada alasannya), tapi kan tidak semua orang berhenti merokok. Jadi misalnya Ulama mengeluarkan fatwa bahwa bitcoin atau crypto itu haram maka saya yakin mereka punya pandangan pada kasus penggunaannya. Agan bisa percaya atau tidak, itu sudah tugasnya. 

[Bitinity]

Sebenernya saya cukup kecewa dengan fatwa tersebut, faktanya ada banyak temen ku yg karna BTC bisa bangun rumah padahal mereka dari keluarga tidak mampu.

Tugasnya Ulama kan melakukan kajian, menelusuri, mengeluarkan fatwa, memberitahu berdasarkan hukum Islam dan itu sebenarnya tidak salah. Saya bahkan tidak akan menyalahkan Ulama seandainya mereka memiliki pandangan bitcoin atau cryto itu haram hukumnya karena banyak digunakan untuk judi misalnya, transaksi narkoba, pencucian uang, penghindaran pajak ataupun hal lainnya yang mana juga melanggar aturan pemerintah.

Kalau itu dasarnya, bukankah uang legal (Rupiah) lebih banyak digunakan untuk hal2 tersebut? Trus kenapa Rupiah juga tidak diharamkan? Menurut saya yang seharusnya diharamkan itu bukan object atau barangnya, tapi tindakan/actionnya yang diharamkan. Kalau logika dasarnya seperti itu untuk mengharamkan sesuatu, bisa2 semua barang itu jadi haram. Contoh pisau dapur bisa saja dihramkan karena banyak digunakan buat ngebegal, njambret, ngebunuh orang yang mana tidak cuma melanggar aturan pemerintah tapi juga melanggar aturan agama.

[Uang_kartal]

Long before civilization began the tradition of exchanging the value of an item was entrenched (barter) if today we also use this system for trading crypto curency. Is this an awkward thing?
The existence of a currency is certainly not all rejected. It is easier and cannot manipulate barter. win win solution..

I think it is legitimate if used for investment because it is very easy. Simple and complete. It's not suitable for use for pay tools. because when the trend bulish he (the recipient) will have a value that doubles.. It's almost the same as gold/precious metals. I also don't agree with the means of paying.

It is very practical precisely for an investment by exchanging it to various other instruments.

Is the bait to destroy the market? or is there an advantage for some people?
 I don't think it's bad

[ABCbits]

Sebenernya saya cukup kecewa dengan fatwa tersebut, faktanya ada banyak temen ku yg karna BTC bisa bangun rumah padahal mereka dari keluarga tidak mampu.

Tugasnya Ulama kan melakukan kajian, menelusuri, mengeluarkan fatwa, memberitahu berdasarkan hukum Islam dan itu sebenarnya tidak salah. Saya bahkan tidak akan menyalahkan Ulama seandainya mereka memiliki pandangan bitcoin atau cryto itu haram hukumnya karena banyak digunakan untuk judi misalnya, transaksi narkoba, pencucian uang, penghindaran pajak ataupun hal lainnya yang mana juga melanggar aturan pemerintah.

Apakah ada data atau laporan yang bisa membuktikan hal tersebut? Salah satu ringkasan laporan dari Chainalysis menyebutkan hanya 0.34% transaksi cryptocurrency yang terkait dengan aktivitas kriminalitas pada tahun 2020.


Source: https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/2021-crypto-crime-report-intro-ransomware-scams-darknet-markets

[skarais]

Kalau itu dasarnya, bukankah uang legal (Rupiah) lebih banyak digunakan untuk hal2 tersebut? Trus kenapa Rupiah juga tidak diharamkan? Menurut saya yang seharusnya diharamkan itu bukan object atau barangnya, tapi tindakan/actionnya yang diharamkan.

Benar, sebenarnya ini yang saya maksud karena saya berbicara berdasarkan kasus penggunaan crypto yang menjadi dasar diharamkan atau tidak. Sama halnya dengan rokok dan ganja, bukan rokok dan ganjanya yang diharamkan tetapi menghisap dan mengkonsumsinya yang diharamkan.

Apakah ada data atau laporan yang bisa membuktikan hal tersebut?

Saya berbicara dalam ruang lingkup pribadi om dengan kasus penggunaan yang mungkin bisa dianggap haram berdasarkan fatwa ulama. Untuk datanya secara keseluruhan mungkin benar bahwa tingkat penggunaan crypto untuk kegiatan ilegal tidak sampai 1%. Pada intinya saya tidak menyalahkan fatwa ulama tentang crypto khususnya jika itu digunakan pada hal yang ilegal.

[mu_enrico]

^Pikiran masyarakat tentang penggunaan crypto buat hal illegal itu umum karena pada masa lalu ya memang banyak kasusnya, misal:

Cryptocurrencies are among the largest unregulated markets in the world. We find that approximately one-quarter of bitcoin users are involved in illegal activity. We estimate that around $76 billion of illegal activity per year involve bitcoin (46% of bitcoin transactions), which is close to the scale of the U.S. and European markets for illegal drugs.

Sumur: Sex, Drugs, and Bitcoin: How Much Illegal Activity Is Financed through Cryptocurrencies?

Tentu kondisi sekarang lain, tapi yang namanya "image" itu sulit dirubah.

[Farul]

Ini sepertinya bukan masalah masalah kriminal atau dsb.
Apa yang terjadi pada bitcoin baru2 ini? harganya naik tinggi, banyak retail yang tergiur cuan gede.
Melihat patokan dari 2017 kemaren, cepat atau lambat harganya bakal turun lagi/crash. Yang beli di pucuk bakal boncos semua.

mungkin tujuan MUI sebenarnya untuk menurunkan spekulasi retail, biar nanti pas crash gak boncos semua. Abis diharamin langsung turun kan? jangan2 ini pertanda dari Tuhan kalau udah Peak.

[mamesso]

Sebenernya saya cukup kecewa dengan fatwa tersebut, faktanya ada banyak temen ku yg karna BTC bisa bangun rumah padahal mereka dari keluarga tidak mampu.

Saya yakin Fatwa haram diambil setelah melalui beberapa kajian yang matang sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap pemeluk agama Islam dalam melakukan transaksi.

Lalu dengan fatwa haram dari MUI, apakah penggunaan cryptocurrency di sektor lain juga ikut haram?
Logikanya begini,, Coba anda bayangkan jika Anda berada pada situasi seperti ini: Anda memiliki salah satu anggota keluarga di luar negeri yang sedang menempuh pendidikan. Tiba-tiba dia sakit parah, sementara uangnya tidak cukup untuk pergi ke rumah sakit untuk menemui dokter. Apa yang akan anda lakukan? Tentu saja akan pergi ke bank untuk mengirimkan sejumlah uang agar anggota keluarganya bisa pergi ke dokter. Logikanya kan begitu.

Sementara dia membutuhkan uang dalam waktu yang cepat, sedangkan proses pengiriman uang via bank ke luar negeri lumayan lama dan membutuhkan biaya yang mahal.
Hadirnya cryptocurrency membuat segalanya menjadi mudah, teknologi blockchain lebih canggih dari bank, prosesnya cepat dan biaya transaksi lebih murah.

Disaat genting seperti ini apakah bisa dikatakan haram.? Sedangkan islam membolehkan memakan sesuatu yang haram apabila sedang Mudhorat, (seperti memakan bangkai ketika seseorang hanyut di laut).

Kita perlu menempatkan fatwa itu pada posisi yang benar, sehingga para pengguna crypto dapat menikmati teknologi secara nyaman dan juga aman.

Lagipula MUI Indonesia bukan sembarangan mengeluarkan Fatwa, sebelumnya beberapa negara Muslim lain seperti Turki, Iran, dan Mesir sudah melarang dan membatasi penggunaan cryptocurrency. Apa itu akan membuat anda kecewa juga.?