How to prevent that situation in future to dont make it corrupted?
I have a feeling that you didn't sync it all. But form the few info you provide I don't know.
1.Bitcoin holding - Download bitcore from bitcoin.org - download whole blockchain make 3 keys backups(on 3 diffrent pendrives) and sync it once every 2 months.
Getting your wallet online even for a second is unsafe. And I have a feeling you want to store big money if you want to use different computers for each. So .. don't.
(Plus, since the cold storage never goes online, not even for windows updates, you can easily keep all wallets on that one. I repeat, sync is not needed for cold storage).
If you want only safety and you don't care too much about privacy, I will recommend Electrum because it's easier to handle and better documented.
One Electrum will stay forever offline. That one contains the seed. Offline.
Another Electrum, on another computer, will go online. That's a watch only wallet. They will work together. The watch only wallet will handle the online stuff (see funds/inputs, create transactions, broadcast transactions) and since it's online it's OK. The offline cold storage will only sign transactions (you transfer from the watch wallet and back when signed, to broadcast). The watch only wallet is created from master public key, not for seed. Some more details are here:
https://electrum.readthedocs.io/en/latest/coldstorage.htmlSimilar logic can be done with Bitcoin core, but I don't have experience with that. However, there too, the cold storage stays offline. Always.
2.
Sorry, I don't know (nor care much) about these.