I know that Bitcoin is changing... and the recent release of Bitcoin Core is 24. However, since I lack knowledge on coding I am curious what major changes were made to the Bitcoin. Is the block structure is the same? What about consensus protocol? I appreciate if someone could explain those changes in plain English with examples.
Core principles and Bitcoin base protocol didn't change, but there was a lot of bug fixes and small improvements since early Satoshi days.
We now have different address types starting with 1, 3, bc1 and recently Taproot protocol was implemented, there is much more wallet clients now.
There was several attempts to make bigger hard forks but this only resulted with forked shitcoins with much smaller prices and irrelevant trading volume and transactions.
There is no easy way to explain this in a simple way if you don't understand coding, but you can study history of Bitcoin and check out code changes for yourself.
You can always check change log from Bitcoin Core to see most important changes:
https://bitcoincore.org/en/releases/
