I'll probably have to re-visit the BIP39 spec to see how exactly it handles different language wordlists.
The entropy is used to generate the words. The words themselves are what is fed in to PBKDF2 in order to generate your master keys. If you encode the same entropy using different word lists or different languages, then you will have different seed phrases and therefore different wallets.
I am quite surprised in particular at how the Chinese mnemonic only converted correctly to english after using the m/0'/0 path, I mean before using it as an Electrum mnemonic.
The Chinese seed phrase is not convertible to an English seed phrase. As above, even if you encode the same entropy in two different languages, you will end up with two different wallets.
OP - glad you got things sorted, but all your actions were unnecessary. If you enter your seed phrase in any language in to Electrum and check BIP39, although it will tell you "unknown wordlist", it will still let you recover your wallet normally. You should just be able to enter your Chinese seed phrase directly in to Electrum, select BIP39, enter the correct derivation path, and recover your wallet. Certainly this works with a Chinese seed phrase generated via iancoleman.