Bitcoin VS Super Computers in 2040

[batang_bitcoin]

It's true that there have been discussions that I have read long time ago even on 2017, everyone is worried about this. But as the network's strength, it's very adaptable and there will be changes as well that we shall see if it's needed and that's imminent to happen. Also, I think we should stop glorifying the quantum computers because even now, there are corporations that are using it already. If it's going to be a way to decrypt wallets and private keys, there's nothing to worry about because they should have done it as soon as it's ready to the market but then, there's no incident of the worry that should come from it. People should be more wary about the hacks that are happening from the typical methods that we know.

[letteredhub]

Will Bitcoin adapt to such computational power, or could supercomputers make existing blockchain security obsolete?

There were modern computers before the existence of bitcoin and those couldn't crack through the blockchain tech, in same vein am believing that bitcoin developers are also working in enhancement of the blockchain against such advance tech in the future like the quantum computers.
 

What about mining, will supercomputers centralize it and put power into the hands of a few?

Perhaps that's exactly what we would be seeing years from now when quantum computers become mainstream. Take Tesla cars for instance, not everyone could afford it even after since it was created, and that's how it's likely going to be with quantum computers and those few who could afford it would majorly have a central monopoly of the bitcoin mining.

[NotFuzzyWarm]

NIST has a good explainer on how PQC (Post Quantum Cryptography) works https://www.nist.gov/cybersecurity/what-post-quantum-cryptography

One common statement you will see in most articles and papers is:

The quantum computing field remains in its infancy. Researchers must overcome major technical hurdles before they can build powerful quantum computers, and it is an open question as to how formidable quantum computers can become. However, advanced quantum computers remain a strong possibility, and they would have such a major impact on present-day encryption that the world must prepare for them.