SD card slots are available in the old model laptops, and I assume their R/W speed is less compared to SSD or even HDD!
Some SD cards are faster than some HDDs, but none of that matters much for one-time writing.
Why not just use an HDD that is reliable compared to an SD
Why are you asking things OP already answered?
I considered this option, but would rather avoid using an external device
but you said Micro SD, which is even possible to insert in a laptop without the SD card reader?
That completely depends on the laptop, I've seen them with all kinds of slots.
That is going to take months to complete sync.
With the right hardware, it can be done within a day.
The main issue is if he'll need to rescan or build other databases which will be slower than HDD.
For raw read speed, I wouldn't be surprised if a (quality) SD card is faster than an equal size HDD. Those disks are limited by their spinning speed, my 2 TB 2.5" laptop drive doesn't get above 100 MB/s.
Personally, I prefer the native way of how Bitcoin Core manages its directories.
The main reason I don't do that, is laziness
Creating a symlink is faster than reading application-specific documentation.