I'm thrilled. You have such a deep understanding of quantum mechanics, and you can explain these complicated things so clearly that I will not understand what you are doing in this forum. According to my observations, there's a great deal of popularity here for topics related to quick practical results for readers.

Let's get back to our topic.
Physicists have long wanted to bury the old particle theory of the structure of the universe. Modern trends in science - a particle is a private state of the wave nature of matter. Simply put, it's a standing electromagnetic wave.
The theory of particles - this is the so-called Standard Model of the universe, to date, in a layer of the most elementary particles, found 6 quarks, 6 leptons, gluon, photon, z-boson and w-boson.
And this could be the end of this model.

But recently (it seems on a large collider in Switzerland) found the main find of modernity - "God's particle": the Higgs boson, a particle whose presence in matter determines its mass of rest.  So it's a gateway to the world of particles. A world in which one can exist - without having to move at the speed of light?

If a photon has no resting mass, it means it has no Higgs boson, so I understand. It turns out that he (the photon) is doomed, has to move only at the speed of light and no less than (!), precisely because he would have grounds to participate in the gravitational interaction.
This participation is the main law of our world, isn't it?
So gravity is not a property of our world, but our world itself. The property of gravity is our macro and micro world, not the other way around.
The idea is that its (photon) gravitational interaction with the surrounding world is not a consequence of its movement at the speed of light, as it is proved in science, but exactly the opposite. Due to the fact that he is deprived of the Higgs boson, he (poor) is forced to fly at only such a speed. Otherwise he will have no mass of movement (impulse). Hence the conclusion - everything in our world that cannot participate in the gravitational interaction with its objects - for our world does not exist.
As a result of this reasoning, there is a question.
And are there real mass-free particles, which exist without the obligation to move at only the speed of light in a vacuum?
If such particles are known, I am completely wrong.

The Office of Advanced Research Projects of the U.S. Department of Defense (DARPA) has signed a contract with ColdQuanta to create a new quantum computer.
As we were informed, the construction of a quantum computer for 1000 cubic meters will be possible in the next 40 months.

According to Bo Ewald, CEO of ColdQuanta, within the next 40 months, under the terms of this contract, a machine will be created which will consist of 1000 (one thousand!!!!) cubic meters, and it will be able to make the necessary calculations ... to create the drugs and... (it's not interesting and probably not true that it will be used for this) - and to break the ciphers.

All this suggests that users of today's asymmetric key cryptography have less and less time left. I don't think 1000 kbit will be able to crack a key longer than 2000 bits, but I think 10,000 kbit will appear after a 1000 kbit quantum computer. That's the problem.
In 40 months, the era of quantum cryptography for a strong world and keyless encryption for ordinary people will begin.
If there is much talk about quantum cryptography, then keyless encryption methods are considered fiction and not worthy of public attention.

About the 1000cc quantum computer - you're right, maybe that's not what it says. But then it's completely unclear why the US Department of Defense (DARPA) not only signed such a contract, but also made this information public.

But the photon, how it is arranged, why it is arranged in such a way and why finding the optimal way to control its nature for solving our computational problems - it captures me and I can continue the discussion.

I wonder what is the speed of interaction of two connected photons from the viewpoint of our macro-world, our three-dimensional in space and one-dimensional in time world? If it were the speed of light, then this interaction would be tied to the distance between the photons. But I read that there's no difference in the distance between the photons in our world.
I specifically wrote "in our world", meaning that perhaps there is another world in which these same linked photons look completely different.

A photon is not only a particle, a standing wave of light spectrum electromagnetic waves, but also thermal radiation, another spectrum of electromagnetic waves. Everywhere, they are similar or not, but photons.
And what photon (what spectrum of electromagnetic waves oscillations) is used in quantum computers - nowhere I have found.
This massless particle - has no mass of rest, but has mass when moving. It follows from the fact that, according to the formulas of the theory of relativity for energy and impulse, the speed "v" of a particle is determined through its impulse p, mass m and the speed of light with the ratio where E=mc2 is the energy of the particle. It follows that they cannot be in a state of zero energy.
It also follows that the spin values of mass-free particles can only be integer or semiparticles.

Therefore all "mass-free" particles should move only with speed of light. And that's why they all seem to have mass because of the speed of light.
That's why light and any electromagnetic radiation has a gravitational interaction, and therefore attracted by massive objects of the macro-world. That is how old Einstein became famous, received confirmation of his theories, when at the moment of solar eclipse was recorded deviation of the light beam emitted by the star and passing near the sun.
History writes that he woke up famous on that day. And so, all his life proving, almost without success, that he was right.
That's what I meant when I wrote "one against all".
But in reality there were 3 people (like him then supported by Lorenz and Poincaré).
For example, the thermal radiation inside a litre container weighs approximately one carbon atom.
The mass of radiation grows rapidly with temperature, but only at one billion degrees does it compare in density with our usual substance.
The term "mass-free" does not accurately reflect the nature of this particle. Due to the principle of equivalence of inert and gravitational masses, all mass-free particles participate in the gravitational interaction.

For our topic it is interesting that the properties of qubit can have any objects that are in the free state in the superposition of any 2 of its states. It is interesting why a photon was chosen for a quantum computer. Although I understand why a photon spin was chosen as a measurement parameter. Because this parameter in "mass-free" particles can have only integer values. but why the photon? It's very difficult to work with it, cool it, protect it, a little decoherence time and so on.

Keyless encryption technology, in essence, has a strict and clear theoretical rationale.
So... Any key system (for simplicity let's talk about symmetric encryption systems) uses the key to select one encryption scheme from a variety of possible ones. One key is one scheme. The same public message is the same cipher code. This is exactly the point that has been changed in the keyless encryption model.
Specifically, that's it.
You select the size of the message to be encrypted in one encryption scheme, one of many possible in the system. For example, the message size is 256 bits. A priori, this is the message size that you would not fear even a brute force attack, even a quantum computer. This is a known fact, so we chose the size of the first message that was encrypted with the first encryption scheme.
Next. The second message is encrypted with a new encryption scheme that is unknown to the outside observer. And so on. Each new message...
is encrypted with a completely new encryption scheme.
What does an external observer need to know in order to calculate a new encryption scheme following the previous one?
In addition to the key that was used to encrypt the first 256-bit message, he needs to know all the public texts of all messages up to the last one, to have all the ciphers of all messages without a single error (even a 1-bit error is not a 1-bit error).
It is allowed), to know the exact sequence of all messages and their cipher codes and much more.
Look at the differences. In a key system, you don't need to know anything but the key.
Isn't this a fundamentally different solution to key information security problems? Doesn't it have some fundamental theoretical contradictions or obstacles?
It's an interesting discussion on this subject.

Development and quantum technology are moving forward much faster than we think.  A powerful quantum computer will be built soon. There's even a contract with a serious organisation, as it turns out.
Information about real achievements in this field of knowledge is not disclosed to us, partly hidden from a wide range of readers.  This is what makes me think of the next news in the media.
The Office of Advanced Research Projects of the U.S. Department of Defense (DARPA) has signed a contract with ColdQuanta to build a new quantum computer. 
As we've been informed, building a quantum computer for 1000 cubic meters will be possible in the coming decades. But, based on what we're told, the deadline for creating such a computer has already come today. Here is what is reported on the details of this new quantum project:
 - according to the words of Bo Ewald, CEO of ColdQuanta, within the next 40 months, under the terms of this contract, a machine will be created, which will consist of 1000 (one thousand!!!!) cubits, and it will be able to make the necessary calculations... to create medicines and... (not interesting and not true) - to crack the ciphers.

All this suggests that fans and users of modern key cryptography have no more than 40 months (less than two years) left to change all their software, from operating systems to bitcoins. I'm not talking about the most asymmetric encryption anymore. And this applies to any end-to-end encryption model that we all use, in almost all communications solutions, because all of these technologies are built on asymmetric encryption methods in the phase of matching the shared key for symmetric encryption systems with the variable session key.

In 40 months' time, the era of quantum cryptography for the strong world and keyless encryption for the common people will begin.
If much is said about quantum cryptography, then keyless encryption methods are considered fiction and are not worthy of public attention.

However, I don't think so. For those who want to make a journey into the possible future of keyless encryption methods, I recommend to look at this forum: https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5204368.0 (there are a lot of my posts were removed by the administration, so the sequence of thought was broken).
or this project: https://toxic.chat/.

The fact is that once a 1000 cubic meter quantum computer is created - the growth of computing power of new quantum computers - will not stop. The next one may be 10 000 cubic meters and so on.

Everything is moving much faster than we think.
And even the postulate about impossibility of speed exceeding the speed of light in a vacuum is only a temporary mistake. This ban was found by one man, Einstein. One genius - against all the others who stubbornly looked only at the official scientific line.
You can understand them. It's convenient. It's prestigious, scientific titles, respect, certainty. But you find one against all, and he wins this battle. Now everybody, just as they've always been used to it, is sticking to this official line of science. It's the same with quantum technology, too. But it's not as real as we think it is.
There's also one madman who will win the next battle, one against all, and give mankind a speed greater than the speed of light, much greater...
By the way, and what speed of interaction of connected photons, after all this phenomenon is used in construction of the closed communication channel protected by methods of quantum cryptography? Isn't this speed greater than the speed of light? I have heard that the speed of this interaction between bound photons Absolutely does not take into account the distance between these photons. Isn't that proof of speed greater than the speed of light?

Additionally, about the quantum paradoxes of our world, which we are successfully learning, I'll tell you later.

It is interesting to communicate with a competent interlocutor who has his own views.
Let's put our knowledge of the micro-world together again and think. Because it is at this level of being that quantum phenomena occur, which we want to use to solve our problems. 
1) Note that the whole space of the microcosm is an endless fireworks of birth and annihilation of particles. There is an impression that it is not only not homogeneous, but also does not have its stable, calm state. It is the same as life, if we classify the term "life" in terms of energy processes. Space is reminiscent, by all attributes, (and hence time - if their continuum has no breakpoints, it is still an open question) of living essence. Energetically, it is a continuous converter of one energy into another, there is no peace, there are no "silence" points, there is something similar to our evolution. I can imagine what it looks like when you look at this phenomenon from below, from the microcosm itself. It's a slow and majestic fireworks, a salute, an endless holiday of "life", special and incomprehensible to us. Yes, I hope you haven't forgotten that in the microworld, time is different. And these beautiful "salutes", these endless processes of birth and annihilation of all things (particles, for example) around the observer - are slow, not as fast as it seems to us when we look at it from the microcosm. It must be beautiful.
2) Let us add to this picture - the atom next to it. What strikes me in it is order and infinity. All atoms have one law of structure. The disintegration of an atom into its constituents is infinite; a micromir can decrease infinitely (this is an assumption, a fantasy, a feeling). And also - electrons which rotate around the nucleus, only 2 on one atomic orbit (Pauli's prohibition - no more than 2) and only with different spins. After all, it is the spins of the particles that we use in quantum systems. And here's the rule. And there's one more thing. In the theory known to me - orbits of one sublevel of the atom are always, at first, filled with electrons with the same spins (Hunda rule). But why is that? And again, these laws are about the same "our" spins of particles. Isn't it a reason to think, why the electron in the atom always pulls its brother on the back? How does the atom know which spin the electrons that came in? It's something like a system of accounting, control, program. It's like a computer - what the programmer wrote, he did. There's not a single person who's dissatisfied. It's like a prison for space... Or are atoms prison cells for free, living space? 
By the way, I couldn't find an answer to the question, maybe you know, the birth and annihilation of particles discussed here, observed in "empty" space in a vacuum, is possible in the points occupied by the atom? It is fundamental to know that it would be correct to develop the point of view proposed here. 
3). Yes, looking with the eyes of a creature from the macrocosm, there is no space inside the atom or it is fundamentally different from what is outside the atom. The atom itself is empty, it is actually a huge volume of emptiness filled with small particles. Approximately if the nucleus of the atom is the size of a football ball, the electron is the size of a large apple, the distance to the nearest s-electrons of the level will be about 30 km. That's only to the closest ones. Well, isn't that an empty space? The question is, is it as empty as outside the atom or another? In other words, is it the same space, with the same properties as outside the atom or not?
4). All electrons inhabiting the atom, and there can be many of them, always spin in strictly defined orbits. The question is, in case there is no electron in orbit, the space of this orbit is the same as the rest of the space inside the atom as those places inside the atom where electrons are NEVER and NEVER can be.
No matter how mentally I build a model of the atom with homogeneous properties of space inside the atom and homogeneous properties of space outside the atom, I do not get a slender model. But as soon as I assume that space is discrete everywhere, inside and outside the atom, the model built looks more attractive.
Yes, and why what is inside the atom so critical exactly to the back of the electron, exactly to the physical characteristics of the particle, which is used by man for quantum models of the computer, the Internet and other things?
And if we fantasize, is it possible to construct a model of quantum computer using other quantum characteristics of elementary particles?
To build a quantum Internet using anything other than the photon's back is possible if there are other quantum properties connected between particles. And are there such?
I will notice that the spin of an electron is a rotation.
Note that everything around, in the universe - necessarily spins.
And here's the question for the theory of relativity. The point which is on the surface of the rotating object has a higher linear speed relative to the center than the point which is near the axis of rotation. For these two points, time flows on different silt.

No matter how mentally I build a model of an atom with homogeneous properties of space inside the atom and homogeneous properties of space outside the atom, I do not get a slender model. But as soon as I assume that space is discrete everywhere, inside and outside the atom, the model built looks more attractive.
Yes, and why what is inside the atom so critical exactly to the back of the electron, exactly to the physical characteristics of the particle, which is used by man for quantum models of the computer, the Internet and other things?
And if we fantasize, is it possible to construct a model of quantum computer using other quantum characteristics of elementary particles?
To build a quantum Internet using anything other than the photon's back is possible if there are other quantum properties connected between particles. And are there such?
I will notice that the spin of an electron is a rotation.
Note that everything around, in the universe - necessarily spins.
And here's the question for the theory of relativity. The point which is on the surface of the rotating object has a higher linear speed relative to the center than the point which is near the axis of rotation. For these two points - time flows differently or not?   
Before answering, take into account the fact that the rotating object has its linear speed relative to other objects. Which means that time is different from them. The time of a moving object flows slower relative to the one that is at rest. This is understandable. And what can be the definition of time for our 2 points, the same object that has its spin (rotation), for a point on the surface and points on the axis of rotation? What their time concerning moving past them object with the big linear speed?
If the time is split and the answers are different relative to the reference point, then the answers are easy to give, even you can calculate them.
And if time is different for all, and time is in a continuum (allegedly inseparable) with space, then not only the time is different for these points, but also the space in which they exist. And this is a journey to other worlds...

Let us return to the terms of physics: "elementary particle" and "wave" (or wave function of the corresponding field).
I see the main obstacle to our mutual, common, better understanding of these phenomena: 1) in words, in terms. They seem to have an exact designation. What is difficult here is to read the definition of the term, what does it mean by the word and use them as intended. But it's not that simple. Words on the one hand unravel the question and explain it, and on the other hand leave anchors that cannot be raised and floated on.  I think this comes from the fact that all definitions, all interpretations of certain terms, are based on our language's syntax, our three-dimensional macro-metric thinking, and on our genetic memory, which makes everything that exists be viewed from the perspective of: birth; growth; development; dying; disappearance. It seems to me that such a syntax, such thinking, is absolutely inapplicable to the microcosm. And hence the second reason preventing a better understanding (the first is 1)) - 2) we consider, we say, that a particle is formed (born) from another particle or... it doesn't matter. Well, nothing seems to be right - it was not there and it was formed, we say "born". But if we change this term to a similar one, to a synonym, for example: it was born (formed) - manifested. At first glance - a game of words and nothing serious. And if you think about it, the term has appeared means that it was, is and will be, but it has not manifested in our world until now, and then suddenly it has. Let me give you a good example. Astronomers have found a new star. It did not appear at the moment when it was found, it was before that moment, but after it was found - it for us, for science, as if it has appeared. And then the term "born" is totally unacceptable. Only the term "manifested" in terms of our knowledge of the stars. Now let's get back to our particle waves. If to suppose that this phenomenon exists "always", but for us, for the observer, the particle manifested itself at some moment, it means that its existence before - was not noticed by us, not that it was "born", as for example the electron from the neutron in the proton formation. The question now is different. What made it manifest itself? And here we approach our new view of the world, only slightly changing the words describing observed phenomena, we come to surprising conclusions:
1. All particles, all fields, everything that exists is always there;
2. Something is now available to us for observation, and something is no longer available or not yet available;
3. our three-dimensional world is only a part of the big world where the particles and fields we observe exist;
4. their manifestation in our world is only partially, the phenomenon itself is much deeper and more than is available to us to observe;
The electron has to appear in our world when the proton from the neutron appears because for our model of reality it is necessary to observe the law of preservation (in this case of electric charge). For the value of the negative charge of the electron is exactly equal to the value of the positive charge of the proton. He (the electron) went to work (manifested) not because he was in the neutron, but because now it was his turn to manifest here in our reality.   
What do you think, replacement of one word "birth" with another word "manifestation for us". It seems that both words are about the same thing, and conclusions about the world structure can be made absolutely opposite. In the first model of the world, the electron should have been present in the neutron, and in the second model - it is not necessary for it to be there, though nobody forbids it.

Now let us return to my assumption that time and space are discrete. Let the moment when time and space exist for us or we exist and move in them - "1". And the state of this continuum when our time and space stops is "0". For simplicity of modeling, "1" for space and "1" for time occur simultaneously, which means in one phase. Therefore, in such a model of existence, our entire conscious life has a discrete nature that has not been noticed by us. That's fine.
Now let's try to find a confirmation of this by looking at the phenomena known, but not explained by science, from this point of view.
Let us return to the perpetrators of this conversation, our wave particles.
Everybody from school (we were told it in the school of secondary general education) knows the pronounced "observer effect". Let me remind you of the essence of experience. When a bunch of electrons (I deliberately do not specify a particle or a wave) were passed through a dispersive lattice (very narrow, relative to the size of the electron, physical slot, lumen, hole), that:

- If this experience, this experiment, simultaneously with the experiment itself, was controlled by an external observer (a person with devices), then on the control surface, located on the path of electrons and located behind the disperse lattice - there is a distribution of electron hit probability characteristic of a particle;
- if this experience is not observed by an external observer, then distribution of the same electrons on the same control surface has a probability peculiar to a wave, not to a particle (visually it is a saturated wide band in the centre, and on the sides it is a smaller and less wide and saturated band - in physics this is called, it seems, an interference wave pattern).   

Now observe the thought. We live in a world of "1". The electron in both worlds and the "1" and the "0". If we observe it from the world "1" - it makes a picture of our world for us, the world "1" - it is a particle, the picture of probability saturated in the center and smoothly saturates to the edges.
If we do not observe, the world "0" acts and the electron shows itself as a wave, as a phenomenon of the world "0". By our presence, by our observation, by our thought and word - we show the world "1", the world of human consciousness and not only.  In metaphysics it is called the first attention or manifested world. The world "0" is called the "not manifested world", or the second attention of a human being. It is those people who have the second attention that see a more complete, miraculous and completely different picture of the world than those people who have only the first attention, the scientific view from our conscious three-dimensional spatial reality. By the way, who said that time can only flow forward. Or only forward and backward. And at an angle? If you think broadly, time can have as many dimensions as space. There are so many worlds, so many uninhabited.

I mean, when you build technologies for quantum systems with only materials of the world "1", for particles that exist in many worlds at once, you always need a huge amount of energy. Does man get a good advanced result, when he still uses such ancient methods of working with other worlds, such as lowering the temperature and so on ...

Yes, it is. Here's your last quote.
It's a bit difficult to express your idea precisely in words, as such, without carefully selecting words, and even more so if the language of communication (for me - English is alien).
Still, it's getting interesting.
Here is your final quote. It is correct, until the exceptions are found, in the form of speeds greater than the speed of light. When I was talking about the microworld, I was talking about the flow of time there in a general sense, regardless of the speed of the object. I was not referring to the relativistic effect of time slowing down associated with the increase in speed (again, let us specify the speed relative to which reference system - ours or any other? And if the reference system is moving in the same direction as the object under study and the half of its speed?).

My assumption is that for any object of the microcosm, relative to the object of the macrocosm, even in the absence of their mutual relative motion, time in these worlds necessarily flows differently. Absolutely. And it is significantly different.
Besides, space is different. For the macrocosm, it looks like a solid canvas, without holes and spaces. That's what it seems to us. That's exactly what our human illusion is. Euclidov's geometry is built on this error. And moreover, physics itself used to be built on this mistake, if you remember, then all big thinkers from our past (and in the past science did not stand out as a separate subject) were searching for the basis of being - the atom, the particle from which the whole being is built.  And they found it. And indeed it was built, but the atom turned out to be dividable. And it was when they looked at what to divide the atom, what to divide what constitutes the atom and so on - they understood that there was no end to this division. And so there is no that very small particle, on which our whole world is built. Nature is as infinite in the decreasing line - as it is infinite in the increasing line. It was infinite in any direction. And it means in the direction of its cognition by man (and other subjects), knowledge is infinite. And it would be very advantageous for us that the microcosm is far away in its infinity - merged with the macrocosm in its distant infinity. Nature tells us that everything is round. But these are only our delusions. So is the fact that the speed of light is at its maximum. I suspect that, too.
And based on these assumptions, I assume that the space of the microcosm is discrete in its essence, in its nature. Let us remember one of its interesting and known to physics property - constant birth and "instant" annihilation of completely opposite elementary particles in vacuum (to be more exact - observed in vacuum, most likely it happens everywhere). Well, isn't it the miracle of emptiness. Constantly, continuously, forever to form something out of nothing. Or rather, that's what we think of "nothing".  Obviously, the fabric of space is absolutely not homogeneous. One point - is radically different from the other standing next to it, but may have an exact clone with a point standing a little further.   And that means that time is discrete as well. And it means that the metric measurements of the macro-world that we use are not applicable to the micro-world in any way. And it means that the measured speed of elementary particles of the microcosm - through the units of macrocosm - is both an error and a truth at the same time. After all, any measurement, and especially such as "speed", is relative. The term "speed" does not mean anything without reference to the coordinate system. And it means mass, time and everything.
Now it's about cubits again. There are two times - what's flowing and what's standing still isn't flowing. There's a discreteity of everything and space.  Photons, like all elementary particles, are "seeing" their environment. The discreteness of space and time is not always in the same phase at one point. Sometimes in a phase. It's a single cell of being.   Sometimes there's a second cell of being in a counter phase. Sometimes in a phased random state it is the next cell of being. Discretion implies instant transition, from one cell to another. With a speed greater than the speed of light, otherwise it is not discrete but analogue.
From such model of being - simultaneous state of qubit and other phenomena of quantum mechanics can be represented absolutely under another angle. We therefore spend efforts (we freeze) on deduction of elementary particles that in not that system of cells of space creates the quantum computer. It's like trying to drive a ship far in the ocean with a stick from the shore. You only have to control the ship from the ship itself. It's about the same with quantum technology today...   

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Yes, I agree, it is a good continuation of the dialogue on "what is the world of elementary particles". After all, it is this very material that we are trying to understand and put at the service of us, the representatives of the macro world. And as a matter of fact, so far we cannot understand the nature of the microcosm with the look from the macrocosm.
I am most likely wrong, because my "common sense" resists (as always), but the main difference between our two worlds (macrocosm and microcosm) is that there is one, important, principal mistake in our common sense - mistake of perception of continuity of phenomena and events. The key word here is continuity, in other words, a smooth transition, as we like to say, a continuous flow of our time.
The mistake is precisely that time flows continuously.
This is the first one.
The space around us is the same at any point. It is this feeling, this delusion, that underlies our Euclidean model of geometry (in general, this is the science of the properties of the surrounding space), one axiom of which is the statement that one line consists of points and one line has an infinite number of points. Roughly speaking, having thought a bit about it, such an axiom can take place only in monogamous, homogeneous space.
I suspect that our surrounding space is not homogeneous. It's discrete. At one point, it is. But it's not in the next one. That's why electrons rotate around the nucleus of the atom only in certain discrete orbits. It seems, if I am not mistaken, that energy between two neighboring orbits - is determined by a strictly calculated constant - Planck's constant (I have long taught, I can be mistaken, but this value is called somehow).
Here we go.   Electromagnetic wave. Spreading in space - in one point behaves like an electric wave, in the next one it does not, only as a magnetic wave. Moreover, in some points it is equal to absolute zero. And it's at these points that the magnetic wave has its maximum. I think this is because of the heterogeneous properties of different points in our space. Which means that you can't build an infinite number of identical (namely, this is meant by the term "point") points on one line. Only the finite set.
And since time and space are a single continuum, as well as having other arguments on the subject of "continuity or discreteity of the category "time" (this is a long subject), I will suggest that our time is as discrete as space. In other words, there are moments when time stands still. And there are moments when time "flows", "exists". Like the heart beats. Like a wave (there are moments when the oscillation of any wave in one measurement system is zero).   And that changes everything. It indirectly explains the "observer effect", at least as something, because there is still no clear explanation why the same matter (creatures of the microcosm) choose their existence either as a particle or as a wave depending on who is watching them and when. This is why an elementary particle either has a coordinate or its physical characteristics. But not simultaneously, as we are creatures of the macrocosm. And who says that we have the same parameters (coordinate and weight, for example) - at the same time? If the period of such discreteity is very small, we will never notice it. But this does not mean that there is no such discreteness at all. But in the microcosm - everything is very small, the course of time there is very slow, the electron sees how it rotates around the nucleus of the atom - slowly and steadily (and it rotates through our time at a speed of 200 000 000 meters per second), slowly looks at other electrons of its atom and neighboring ... For such guys - the discreteness of space and time - a way of existence, the visible tissue of existence.
What is all this philosophy for?
And for understanding the seeming "simultaneous" state or finding, the meaning of cubite: "zero" or "unit". For us, it's simultaneous. And for the discrete space-time continuum it's not simultaneous.
One still has to think, not whether the discrete space-time discrete alternates with the time discrete, how the electric field alternates with the magnetic in light photons - light waves or in radio waves of our phone (which is essentially the same phenomenon, only a different number of oscillations per unit of time, which tells us that the photon is more a wave than a particle, and any particle is an illusion of our perception, and we consist of particles - so we are illusory, we are fantasy, a matrix ...). In other words - in those moments when there is space - there is no time. Or are they simultaneously there, and then they are not there at the same time?
I suspect that here is the key to understanding quantum phenomena, to building new quantum computing technologies.
Maybe, because nobody forbids to think...

A quantum computer will work and will stand on our desk and even be in our smartphones (or whatever they are called), regardless of the correct explanation of the technology or the wrong one if a person needs it - he will do it. There are many examples in history where a person has misinterpreted and understood what they were doing, but they were doing it right. Specifically, even after something started to work in practice, new explanations, new insights, perhaps closer to the truth, may have emerged afterwards.
A man is the champion of the universe by explaining everything that would come to his mind. The most vivid example is a god, gods, faith in invented explanations. A human being (unfortunately, mine) has an alien mind that closes its own. A foreign mind, which possesses our consciousness, likes to talk especially to itself, likes to important, to protect its own ego (this is EGO), likes to explain everything, especially when it has little understanding of the question. And for this purpose he has a foreign language, exactly the one which we were taught from birth. 
It's the same with quantum phenomena. The quantum world itself - is not definitely defined, the elementary particles themselves have no and can not have an unambiguous definition - so says the quantum mechanics. As you know, quantum mechanics says that an elementary particle either has mass, charge, spin, etc. at this point in time - but then it does not have any exact coordinate in space (defending this point of view, science says that knows only the area of space in which this particle can be at any point - ONE!!!). Or vice versa, if we know the coordinate of a particle - we have no idea about its physical parameters. So where is the unambiguousness here? Mystery and uncertainty - this is what quantum mechanics, the fundamental science of elementary particles, deals with. And relying on this liquefied foundation, not at all turning around, engineers bravely build working quantum models (the Big Collider among them).
That's how our quantum technology is built, almost blindfolded.
And no one is embarrassed by that.
In fact, if the current explanation is not relevant, there are new ones standing in line to replace it long ago. Has the lack of knowledge of the truth ever stopped the technology? Same as today.

This is a deep look at the issue, and it is important to take it into account. On the other hand, whatever the modern problems of technology, the developed technologies that are based on science, sooner or later, will give humanity practical solutions. Just like you in your position, I look back and observe how humanity is overcoming any difficulties and always finds successful solutions to technical problems. It finds ways to move engineering solutions from science to commerce and consumer use. This general line of development, and this pattern is necessarily preserved for quantum technologies.
Thus, I come to an unambiguous conclusion that the problems of quantum computing, its scaling and the entry of quantum technologies into our life - will certainly be solved.
I absolutely disagree that the presence of such technologies in our everyday life will somehow change our security. These technologies will not reduce or increase the reliability of encryption. Cryptography itself is developing much faster, with much greater growth potential than quantum technology.
Take a close look at the principles of modern encryption systems. Look at the new systems - candidates for post quantum. What elegant solutions are offered, what depth of thought. No matter how fast technology, thought, theoretical science, mathematics are developing, they go many steps forward. People have long been researching, creating models and working in mathematical n-dimensional spaces, in models with amazing properties that our rational mind is not able to understand. but mathematics can do it. For these reasons, encryption will never be in danger because it's math and combinatorial. 
But again, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that all encryption systems have keys. Keys as a function of selecting an encryption scheme. One of the many possible encryption schemes. That's where the danger is for us. Much more than the quantum computing that will be needed to solve scientific and engineering problems, not to break the ciphers.
If in doubt, look at what they say at all the security conferences. In short, it is a thought - almost always, almost 100% of all attacks start with stealing keys (passwords, identifiers).
Explain to me why you need a quantum computer that you want to use for a brutal attack on the code if you can steal the basics of encryption - keys.
That is why I see the only vector of development of protection systems, including after the era of quantum computers, in the introduction of keyless encryption technologies.
Look, in key technologies, for example AES-256 (until it breaks down by a quantum miracle, even if it worked), the task is in a complete search of two to the extent of 256 options.
In keyless technologies, such as output cipher-code bit rate, the same is true: two to the extent of 256 variants. But for the second cipher code it is already two in degree 256x2 variants. For the third it is two in degree 256x3 variants. Here is a real and beautiful departure from quantum superiority of any technology directed on full search of all variants, i.e. on attack by brute force.
The only difference in the attack on asymmetric cryptography is that out of all variants of the final number field only integers work, not all in a row. Plus, Shore's algorithm makes this task a little easier. But in its essence it is the same brute force attack, only a little bit of mind in this attack.
Another thing is finding mathematical solutions to problems of finding a discrete logarithm and factorization. Can a quantum computer help here?

Quantum technology is a science. For now. Temporarily, but time is known to always go fast.
I think people can make quantum computing available to everyone, they can make a personal quantum computer. I suspect that inside this miracle of technology there will not be a system of cooling the substance to zero, but technologies to conquer magnetic fields for the same purposes, which, as the scientific press writes, are developing.
I do not see a solution to safety problems for the user, even if these technologies are available, even if they are absent.
I'll explain why.
What will break a quantum computer is cryptography.
What kind of cryptography would a quantum computer attack? Asymmetric, from the last century. All modern post quantum asymmetric and even the old symmetric AES level, let alone the Two Fish, will never be attacked by it.
Why do I say that so boldly?
Because today's old AES-256 is perfectly capable of handling the quantum threat, the foreseeable future. To extend the key length to 512 bits is worth nothing. It's not gonna put much strain on the processor when it comes to encryption. But for quantum computers, increasing the key length from 256 bits to 512 bits is absolutely impossible to improve this technique in a reasonable period of time.
From the scientific point of view - the world of numbers is infinite and to use this resource, you can increase the field of numbers for encryption instantly. But to improve the technique that will catch up with the "infinity of number fields" is a difficult and time-consuming task.
In fact, even modern cryptography is never broken, keys, passwords and information are always stolen. The same will happen after a quantum computer is available to everyone. Nothing will change. We will also be attacked by ourselves only by compromising sensitive data.
Why do you need a quantum computer to attack a bitcoin - I don't understand at all. Even the old asymmetric cryptography on elliptical curves, with a 4-fold increase in the length of the key - will remain a dream to crack the known algorithms on quantum computers.
Everybody looks the wrong way when they think about security issues.
There are billions of accounts on the darknet that are sold for nothing. We are all hacked a long time ago, and so we will in the future if we keep the old key encryption technologies and password (and biometric) authentication methods.   

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Yeah, what the Chinese company's really doing is probably not coming out. The fact that they have gathered a large number of specialists in this field from all over the world (practically) (I don't know what level) is a fact. It's a fact that China, in the last 10 years, has been particularly astounding with its technological achievements even for the biggest skeptics. Also, everyone who observes can see that China has very big and ambitious plans for the future, and our future is the digital world. Consequently, we can assume that they have taken the creation of their quantum technologies very seriously, especially since the quantum Internet has long been a practical thing, not a theory. Even earlier, in the open sources, a lot was said about how well developed the use of spy technologies - this very Chinese company.
All of this is more than convincing evidence that the Chinese will not lag behind the world and in the development of a quantum computer.
And what cities this same company is building for European specialists, who are invited to work, a dream...   

Today hackers don't crack, they don't look for hard decisions, they just log in with a password. This phrase, which is often repeated by cybersecurity experts, describes a real pattern: most hackings are due to stealing passwords, not malware. That's it, it turned out to be just...
This is a direct consequence of outdated key and/or password authentication technologies that are based on unique client identifiers fixed on the server, including biometric constant identifiers.
So what is the point of existing complex cryptographic solutions, even of new post-quantum cryptography, if the key or password basis of these technologies is always attacked? This is an old rudimentary loophole for swindlers, which is never closed at the fundamental level of protection systems functioning. 
The conclusion is unequivocal. What can work reliably for one well-organized, attentive and accurate person does not work very well, or rather does not work properly at all, for an average user. Even worse, it works for large groups of people connected by the same security system, where a single member's vulnerability compromises the entire security system. This is the case when a correct, reliable, good theory of protection does not go well with modern practice, with the observed pattern of cybercrime, with the realities of our lives. 

The number of attacks is constantly growing, the main vector of which is theft of keys and passwords. All over the world, confidential user data, including keys, passwords and user IDs, are fraudulently transferred or banally sold. It is possible to attack through keys and passwords quietly, crushingly, for a very long time, imperceptibly. What are the consequences of these crimes? Why is the statistics of this type of cybercrime steadily growing? 
The root of our protection is so weak that there are ready-made programs in free access for stealing private information and selling complex package solutions, which can be used even by an inexperienced cheater. The resource that dedicates humanity to fighting cybercrime is steadily growing, but we have not seen adequate positive results. 
The conclusion is obvious - the modern security system available to an ordinary user does not cope with its tasks and probably can only protect us from the same ordinary user, the user, but not a trained attacker.
Perhaps this is done intentionally, a real race of cyber weapons is unleashed. Perhaps some people are comfortable living in such a translucent digital world? Who knows? Who knows, is silent..

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In early March 2020, Honeywell International joined the race to create a quantum computer. The company is preparing to release the most powerful system in the world.

The manufacturer of industrial equipment for the aerospace sector says its quantum computer will double the performance of the most powerful quantum machine available today. Their new system will have 64 cubic meters, while the fastest quantum computer built by IBM will have 32 cubic meters.

It would seem a bit of progress, which is interesting.

But further interesting, Honeywell claims that they have created a new system with trapped ions that is easily scalable!!! According to engineers, the volume of production of machines will grow by 10 times annually, which by 2025 will provide an increase in productivity of 100,000 times.

And this is already very serious, skeptics of technical progress should reconsider their positions. Development in the field of computing, as history shows, always goes faster than the most daring forecasts. And this news is proof of that.

Recent news on the subject. In general, there is so much news that it is no longer possible to reread everything. Oh, you don't have to. Everyone will draw conclusions for themselves.

Security researchers from ESET discovered a dangerous vulnerability Kr00k (CVE-2019-15126) in widely used Wi-Fi chips Broadcom and Cypress and affects more than a billion devices worldwide (smartphones, tablets, laptops, routers and IoT devices) using the protocol WPA2-Personal or WPA2-Enterprise with the encryption algorithm AES-CCMP.  Now Amazon (Echo, Kindle), Apple (iPhone, iPad, MacBook), Google (Nexus), Samsung (Galaxy), Raspberry (Pi 3), Xiaomi (RedMi) and access points from Asus and Huawei are under attack.The Kr00k vulnerability is related to Key Reset attack (KRACK), which allows attackers to crack Wi-Fi passwords protected by WPA2 protocol (again keys, key technologies).

Huge problems with device shells that contain embedded vulnerabilities, such as embedded passwords and embedded SSH/SSL keys.  The advent of one such device in your home, including an IOT device that connects it to your home wi-fi, allows you to attack all other devices connected to the same access point (keys, passwords, technologies built on a key function).

The point of authentication without a password is not that you can't use your password, but that your password can't be used by anyone other than yourself, except the account owner.
With regular password authentication, when your password has fallen into the hands of a fraudster, you are lost. And it's good if you find out about it.
With passwordless authentication, if someone steals your password, they can't use it! And moreover, such an attempt will surely become known to you (if there is such a service).
In passwordless authentication, a fraudster needs to steal not only your password, but your entire device. And the loss of the device - a normal person will notice immediately. But the loss of the password - will not notice, because this information.
Fraudsters take advantage of the fact that you know nothing, that they have the password. If you knew that, you would take urgent action.
For this reason, passwordless authentication will make the fraudster's life as difficult as it can even be done. 

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The fact that you bricked your access points in the basement doesn't save you from attack.  Attacks only run on the network, on your ip.

I didn't believe it when I read how easy it was to attack an AP remotely using a ready-made program.  And I didn't believe that it could be done by someone without that experience or skill.  I was wondering if cheaters could act against me in the same way.

I found free programs on the usual Internet (not even on the Darknet), which find exactly the access point wi-fi, find on the network and around the world:
- or a map of the area;
- or an I.P. address;
- or simply a map of access points available for hacking in the country of your choice.

No way, I thought I found my access point and watched the program hack it for interest.  And the program did it all on its own.

This example showed me that even a person without special knowledge is capable of attacking access points.

For this reason, I don't see any point in shielding routers' radiation.

Try hacking your access points yourself.  You can find the program in Darknet yourself, I don't want to advertise these things.  I don't know how we can protect ourselves in the current paradigm of security systems.  We need to change the fundamentals.  And who needs this?

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I am pleasantly surprised by your approach to your own information security. It's nice for me, because the vast majority of people don't deal with this issue. Everyone thinks, "I'm not gonna get caught up in this, there are a lot of people like me..."
What you're doing is respected, and not because your protection is holeless. It's because if everybody else did what you did, it wouldn't be as easy for crooks as it is now. Unfortunately, all people who carelessly about their own information security, whether they want it or not, play on the same side as the scammers. People like you are one in a million, and on my part, your actions are only respected!

Everyone else is becoming a donor to cybercrime. It is very rare that you are attacked as one person, all at once.  Often this happens automatically, with special programs that are constantly growing in quality and can be used by YOUNG MACHINES! This is the reason why news like this appears:

(my post Re: How long will existing encryption last? January 18, 2020, 09:32:13 PM - https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5209297.new#new).

- access to you or your data happens regardless of your desire or importance!
This is a fully automatic data collection. The program collects everything and for everyone!
It is done by both government and scammers (usually almost the same).

- On January 14th the FBI confiscated the domain WeLeakInfo.com for providing paid users with access to data leaked to the network as a result of a hack. The operation was conducted jointly with the National Crime Agency (NCA), the Netherlands National Police Corps, the German Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt) and the Police Service of Northern Ireland.
"The website gave users access to a search engine to view confidential information illegally obtained from more than 10,000 data leaks, including more than 12 billion indexed records, including names, email addresses, logins, phone numbers and passwords," said the U.S. Department of Justice.
Excuse me, but that's on one site alone - 12 billion! More than we live at this time!

And the worst part is that all major corporations are doing it, without exception. I don't want to give all the information here, but I'll give you one fresh example:

- Facebook tried to buy Pegasus software from Israeli spyware manufacturer NSO Group Technologies in order to monitor the activity of iOS device users.
According to court documents published by NSO Group, Facebook intended to buy the spy software Pegasus, which can extract user data from cloud storage of Apple, Google, Facebook, Amazon and Microsoft. The data is being exported, giving software operators access to confidential user data. The data collected includes all messages and photos, login credentials, and device location information.
NSO Group has a very mixed reputation for selling its products not only to law enforcement agencies, but also to authoritarian governments that persecute human rights defenders and journalists. But according to the CEO of NSO Group Shalev Hulio, two representatives of Facebook contacted the company in October 2017 and intended to acquire the right to use certain features of Pegasus.
And if you still have illusions about the methods of protection offered to us by "our defenders", for example, 2FA, then it is not true, they are easy to do, read my post: "Re: Keyless encryption and passwordless authentication March 09, 2020, 11:46:56 AM":
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=5204368.40.

All protection is an illusion of security.
Your main defense is not to arouse interest in professional attackers. From this point of view, I would advise you to reduce the number of access points, especially if they are via a wi-fi.

I'm not a professional, I'm just keeping a close eye on the news on cyber security...