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41  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [PRE-ANN] AntShares--Digital Asssets for Everyone on: July 08, 2016, 07:36:04 AM
Every Friday, AntShares has an expert to talk about Blockchain.

42  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [PRE-ANN] AntShares--Digital Asssets for Everyone on: July 08, 2016, 03:44:25 AM

um... no offense but the bounty is kinda too low man. I am asian and know how business works in china, but dude the bounty sounds like its below minimum wage. Might wanna reconsider?

Thank you for your input. We're discussing the bounty rates and I personally think it should be raised.
43  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [PRE-ANN] AntShares--Digital Asssets for Everyone on: July 08, 2016, 03:38:38 AM
Thank you for your kind words.

I came from China.Honestly this project is the best  in China.
Guys if you look the ANN you will know there will be refund if you want quit..
44  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [PRE-ANN] AntShares--Digital Asssets for Everyone on: July 07, 2016, 10:14:45 AM
yes, https://www.antshares.com/Blog/Details?id=7
45  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [PRE-ANN] AntShares--Digital Asssets for Everyone on: July 07, 2016, 09:47:59 AM
There are 100million AntShares in total.
46  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / Re: [PRE-ANN] AntShares--Digital Asssets for Everyone on: July 07, 2016, 07:48:59 AM
The "ICO Phase I" was done on a website called WeAngel (https://weangel.com/antshares). It's our side-project to demonstrate how crowdfunding can work with blockchain.

In about 10 days we got 2100 BTC which is the up-limit, so the ICO is finished 20 days earlier.

The links below are the TXIDs of which we sent 1000 +1000 +100 BTC to huobi.com to sell immediately after the ICO.

https://blockchain.info/tx/f0e9b08c9ca488f72fe3c2ee0ea60458357a794714a945f9ca8ac114f137f317
https://blockchain.info/tx/34e169a82f7f801335dd53519b1407a2ebafdf15fe262147fbb903cc0260395c
https://blockchain.info/tx/6a0c372c51a9f4ad3715f30308be81c7c6785b3592c2858fe77b0b711bcd0a73



47  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Announcements (Altcoins) / [PRE-ANN] AntShares--Digital Asssets for Everyone on: July 07, 2016, 02:49:52 AM
There's an official ANN for Antshares' ICO
https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1571738.0

This would be locked.




AntShares is holding its second ICO in early August.

The Antshares blockchain will be used to register digital assets. Asset owners can digitize many different types of assets, which then can be traded on the AntShares blockchain.

The team’s approach to asset registration involves tokenizing proofs of ownership over that asset, not trying to represent the asset itself through a token. In other words, a token on the Antshares blockchain represent a standard legal proof-of-ownership accepted in modern society rather than trying to substitute for it. They plan to list private company equities immediately on launching Antshares, with more companies to follow.

The crowdsale itself will involve buying Antshares (ANS). ANS will be one method of acquiring Antcoins (ANC), which are used to actually register assets. Both Antshares and Antcoins will be tradeable and Antshare holders will be able to acquire Antcoins through block creation.[1] More on the consensus protocol below.

This ICO has a unique refund feature. The BTC raised will go into a 2/3 multisig escrow account, and the development team won’t touch it until the Antshares chain is launched. At any point up until the launch of the final blockchain, participants can request to withdrawal their BTC.

Antshares held its first ICO back in October 2015. The ICO lasted for 10 days and raised 2,100 BTC.  Since then, they have grown from a team of 4 to a team of 12, and they still have funds left from that sale. The development team will also run a separate company call Onchain that will serve as a marketing and consulting entity for the Antshares chain. Anyone can use Antshares without Onchain, but they can provide support to entities who want assistance.

The code underlying Antshares was written from scratch and is the only blockchain based in China that started as open-source. The code is posted on GitHub, with the first commit posted May 2015.

Crowdsale Details

How are funds collected?   

Antshares will collect funds on its page www.antshares.com. Logging in will generate a private key which will be associated with the user and their distribution of Antshares. Funds will enter an escrow account until the Antshares mainnet launches, estimated for October 2016. The private key can be used to access the purchased Antshares at this time and begin trading them in October or November 2016.

Coin Distribution   

A total of 100 million ANS will ever be created. 17.5M were distributed in the first ICO. 22.5 M will be involved in this ICO. 10M were distributed for early contributors, including the development team. 50M will be held in reserve for bounties and other strategic investments, to be distributed after one year at a maximum rate of 15M per year. They are not being held for the development team.

Escrow Used   

Funds will be held in a multi-signature escrow managed by HAOBTC.com and DACA.

Rate   

Funds will be distributed proportionally based on the total funds left once Antshares launched. This means the effective rate will not be determined until after the refund period is over. There are bonuses for early participants. Contributions in the first five days will enjoy a 1.2 multiplier. Each day thereafter, the multiplier will decrease by .005, with no multiplier on the final (the 45th) day.

Project Valuation   

Based on the 2100 BTC raised in October and the average October price ($265), the project is estimated at roughly $3.1 million. Based on average June price, this is $7.6 million. The second ICO is likely to change this valuation.

Currencies used   BTC

How do the coins or tokens work?How are they used?   

Antshares are used to accumulate another token, ANC, which is used to register assets. ANS holders can also vote for nodes to confirm transactions.

What is the market for these coins?   

Tokens on the Antshares blockchain will represent ownership over assets.
Moreover, the blockchain is set up to support asset ownership transfer, which is more legally complicated than money transfer. The blockchain transaction is two-way: both sender and receiver sign electronic agreements signifying the transfer. This helps make the Antshares blockchain be compliant with existing regulations and not serve as an independent verification of ownership, but rather a seamless way to digitize and trade existing verifications of ownership.

For company equity registration, the Antshares blockchain will keep the information transparent, unchangeable and cheaper relative to existing methods.

The first asset to be registered on Antshares will be shares in Onchain, but they expect other companies to follow and other types of assets to be registered.

How are they produced?   

There will only ever be 100M ANS tokens. At launch, 50M will be distributed (40M between two ICOs and 10M for early contributors). ANC will be distributed during block confirmation. ANC are ‘burned’ when assets are registered and return to a pool. Only 100M ANC will be produced.
The consensus model is a Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance, which is similar to Delegated Proof-of-Stake Model. In Antshares, ANS holders will vote on trusted nodes who will confirm transactions.

Who is the team behind Antshares?

The team behind Antshares is very well known in the Chinese community. CEO Hongfei Da spoke at Bejing Blockchain Summit in 2016 and is a prominent spokesperson for the cryptocurrency community. Other members have been involved in various cryptocurrency projects.

Learn More

Antshares Website https://www.antshares.com/ICO/Index
Antshares Whitepaper (currently in Chinese) https://www.antshares.com/Home/Index/#page3
Bitcointalk announcement and discussion

News About AntShares

1)超级账本中国首次公开见面会,探讨区块链行业标准制定 http://www.8btc.com/hyperledger-onchain-ibm
2)Onchain与微软合作探索区块链应用,小蚁二期众筹将于七月开启 http://www.8btc.com/onchain-microsoft
3)Onchain小蚁加盟“超级账本”,参与制定区块链国际标准 http://www.8btc.com/onchain-hyperledger
4)Onchain发布小蚁共识算法白皮书 http://www.8btc.com/onchain-paper-antshares
5)10天2100个比特币,小蚁股众筹你“抢”到了吗?http://www.8btc.com/antshares-2100btc
6)小蚁众筹目标公布,2100BTC致敬中本聪?http://www.8btc.com/antshares-2100
7) Microsoft-Partnered Onchain Implements Blockchain Projects with Antshare Technology  
    https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=1560815.new#new


[1] The model is similar to Factom’s approach of having Factoids and Entry Credits. Antshares function similar to the former, Antcoins similar to the latter. The two differences are that Antshares aren’t used to buy Antcoins directly but instead earn them during the block creation process. The second key difference is that Antcoins will be tradeable.


Bounty System

We’re going to introduce the Bounty system during AntShares ICO. Anyone earns Antshares will receive them after the ICO termination.
(Last edit June 27, 2016)
Please take a minute to read through the rest of the introduction post about the bounties:

1, Translations: 50 antshare/500 words
The translation bounty applies to any antshareblog. Please stick to the languages you are familiar with and will help the community to know antshare project well.

2, Published Blog/Article: 300 antshare* 100
The original articles or blogs post discussing the AntShares or Onchain onto an existing blog or news site are welcomed. The article must be at least 500 words long. We will awards up to 100 articles. Any interested freelancers or correspondent can contact us through contact@antshares.com with questions you’re interested. Each writer can submit multiple articles.

3, YouTube Videos about AntShares: 300 antshare* 5
The Video can be the combination of AntShares, OnChain and Smart contract, at least 30 seconds long. It can be in the form of an animation, a real life video or whatever you feel it conveys the positive message about Antshares. The first 5 videos that are of acceptable quality will get 300 antshares.

4, bitcointalk.org Signatures: 5 antshare/signature
Each signature on our bitcointalk.org win 5 antshares. Multiple signatures are acceptable. The deadline will be announced via our official site.


Code:
[code][code][center][url=https://antshares.com/?ref=ANTSHARES][color=#F08080]██████[/color][FONT=Century Gothic][b]    ... [color=#DB7093][b]ANTSHARES,[/b] DIGITAL ASSETS FOR EVERYONE [b][/b][/color] ...    [/b][/font][color=#F08080]██████[/color]
[color=#CD9B9B]████[/color][font=Century Gothic]   [b] ... [/b][color=#DB7093][b]ANTSHARES ICO[/b] [b]STARTS FROM AUGURST[/b] [/color] [b]...[/b]    [/font] [color=#CD9B9B]████[/color]
[color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][font=Century Gothic]     [b][color=#CD8162]ANTSHARES[/color][/b][color=#2F71A0][/color]     [/font][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][color=#CD8162]▀[/color][/url][/center]
[/code][/code]

Also, you are welcome to design your own ANTSHARES signature, once your design is chosen for public use, you will win extra 20 Antshares.
 
5, Retweets/ Original tweets: 1 antshare
Each retweet or original tweets with positive Antshare or Onchain content will win 1 antshare. The content has to be maintained at least two weeks.

6, Facebook: 1 antshare/publish
Each Facebook content published related to Antshare or Onchain on your personal page win 1 antshare. Multiple publishing in various days are acceptable. The deadline will be announced via our official site.

All bounties mentioned here start from now on and last till the task finished. AntShares ICO starts from early Aug., and the whole process lasts 45 days, so do not hesitate to get involved.
For any issues with bounties you can either PM us on twitter or email us at: contact[at]onchain.com

The content is cited from the interview with Smith+Crown http://www.smithandcrown.com/event/antshares-ico/, AntShares is responsible for the authenticity.
48  Alternate cryptocurrencies / Altcoin Discussion / AntShares is going to launch ICO in early Aug. 2016 on: July 01, 2016, 11:29:27 AM
Antshares is decentralized and distributed network protocol which is based on blockchain technology. People can use it to digitalize assets or shares, and accomplish some financial business through peer-to-peer network such as registration and issuing, make transactions, settlement and payment. It will launch ICO in early Aug. https://www.antshares.com/ICO/Index

Antshares use electronic certificate to record digital assets. This certificate as common underlying data can be used to record all kinds of rights such as shares, options, debts, bonus points, fund portions, warehouse receipts, and receivables. It can be applied in equity-based crowdfunding, P2P lending, bonus point system, private funds, supply chain finance and other fields. Antshares blockchain code is completely open-sourced, you can find it on github here: https://github.com/AntShares/AntShares

Creativity:

Refundable ICO: Uniquely refundable design permits the investment is based on rational choice
Consensus algorithm:dBFT (delegated Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus)
Original blockchain: AntShares blockchain is not the fork of existing blockchains, the code is totally writen by AntShares blockchain group. We’re the first HyperLedger member from China.

Application Scenarios of Antshares: 1 Equity-based Crowdfunding; 2 P2P Lending; 3 Employee Share-Motivation; 4 Electronic Contract Signing Law & Regulations.


More information about AntShares ICO will be released constantly…
49  Local / 中文 (Chinese) / Re: 区块链项目【小蚁】将于10月20日-11月20日众筹 on: October 21, 2015, 02:00:42 PM
前24小时抢滩期结束咯!小蚁完成了最低目标1400BTC的60.05%,最高目标2100BTC的40.03%。

热烈程度超出了我们的预期。接下的30天里,还望大家继续支持,我们则努力工作,回报投资者!

众筹地址:https://weangel.com/AntShares

50  Local / 中文 (Chinese) / Re: 区块链项目【小蚁】将于10月20日-11月20日众筹 on: October 19, 2015, 10:45:43 AM
媒体报道:

《做证券市场上的Uber,小蚁让你轻松完成股权交易》
http://www.8btc.com/xiaoyi

《小蚁众筹目标公布,2100BTC致敬中本聪?》
http://www.8btc.com/antshares-2100

《区块链,匿名终将式微,实名正在崛起》
http://www.8btc.com/blockchain-anonymity

51  Local / 中文 (Chinese) / Re: 区块链项目【小蚁】将于10月20日-11月20日众筹 on: October 19, 2015, 10:42:17 AM
--------------------------------------------------白皮书节选:-------------------------------------------------

1       概述

1.1        什么是小蚁

小蚁是基于区块链技术,将实体世界的资产和权益进行数字化,通过点对点网络进行登记发行、转让交易、清算交割等金融业务的去中心化网络协议。
小蚁可以被用于股权众筹、P2P网贷、数字资产管理、智能合约等领域。

1.2        什么是区块链

区块链是一种以密码学技术为基础,以去中心化的方式,对大量数据进行组织和维护的数据结构。区块链特别适合用作电子现金或数字资产的账本。区块链上的数据全部都附有相关人的数字签名,不可伪造。
此外,区块链还具有完全公开、高可靠性、即时交割、去信任等诸多优点,以区块链技术构建的财务系统相对于中心化的传统金融机构有着压倒性优势。我们认为区块链技术将成为金融网络的主流底层技术。
 
1.3        小蚁的应用场景:
1.3.1         股权众筹

小蚁可以被用于股权众筹。众筹完成后,初创公司可以用小蚁来管理众多股东的股权,用小蚁提供的去中心化交易机制进行股权交易。初创公司获得了市场估值、股权流动性,用户获得了退出机制。通过将股权登记在小蚁区块链上,初创公司能够以“区块链IPO”的方式获得资金。

1.3.2         P2P网贷

网贷平台使用小蚁登记P2P网贷的债权后,债权变得可转让、可交易,增加了流动性,并且不仅仅局限于本平台用户。用户可以放心的购买长期债权,享受高息,而无需担心应急之需。只要通过小蚁的交易转让系统,可以随时将长期债券贴现转让。
另外,企业还可以利用小蚁发行自己的企业债。

1.3.3         员工持股激励

采用员工持股激励制度的公司可以用小蚁来进行员工持股管理。使用小蚁比自建系统更经济更安全。小蚁的设计给了公司灵活的股权转让控制权。公司可以限制股权仅可以被指定的员工持有,可以灵活的设置允许股权转让或交易的比例。比如可以设置为允许员工每年最多转让其本人所持股权的25%。

1.3.4         签署电子合同

与比特币等基于区块链的支付系统不同,小蚁是一个基于区块链的电子合同系统。用户与用户间通过私钥对合同进行签名,从而完成数字资产的转让交易。实际上,小蚁可以被用于签署任意电子合同。如果合同的标的物是登记在小蚁区块链上的数字资产,那么小蚁可以自动在链上进行程序化交割执行;如果合同标的物为链外的资产,那么合同参与方自行执行即可。即便是后者情况下,小蚁也消除了签署、保管大量纸质合同的繁琐性,并用数字签名保证了合同的不可抵赖性。

1.3.5         其他

小蚁的用户发行资产功能还可以被用来发行积分点券、基金份额、财产凭证等;电子合同功能还可以被用做证据存证、金融合约等;去中心化交易所可以被用作大宗商品交易、外汇交易等。

1.4        小蚁的设计思想
1.4.1         权力的去中心化 vs 事务的去中心化


财产的支配是一种权力,应当追求自治与去中心化。比特币通过公钥体系和PoW工作量证明,实现了财产权利的自治和去中心化。
然而如果按照确定性的规则,以可追究责任的方式,进行没有自由裁量度的简单事务,并不一定需要追求完全的去中心化。比如,开源程序就并不要求每个人都独立编译源代码,而是提供已编译的程序供下载,只需少数人进行编译验证即可。
如果能够将区块链的记账系统设计成一种确定性的,没有自由裁量度的,作恶会留下密码学证据的简单事务,那么这样的记账机制就可以不追求完全的去中心化,从而获得更高的效率。
小蚁中的记账人的权力远小于比特币矿工,记账仅仅是一种确定性的简单事务。通过这样的设计,小蚁可以做到15秒左右的清算确认时间。

1.4.2         清算型区块链 vs 日志型区块链

Ripple、Bitshares、Counterparty等区块链是一种日志型区块链,所有的用户行为都记录进了区块链。例如在基于比特币区块链的Counterparty中发送一个挂单指令,要10分钟后才能确认挂单成功(还不是成交),并且还要支付比普通转账还高的手续费。
小蚁的设计理念为清算型区块链。简单地说,挂单、撤单等不产生资产变更的日志型交易不需要写进区块链。区块链仅用作登记发生资产变更的交易。清算型区块链牺牲了一部分非关键性的信息记录,但获得了更好的吞吐量、灵活性和用户体验。并且派生除了一种新型的去中心化交易模式——“超导交易”。

1.4.3         平行金融系统 vs 对接金融系统

比特币的PoW机制的抗审查性极佳,用户可以匿名的进行转账,矿工可以匿名的进行记账。抗审查性同时带来了合规上的难度。比特币创造了一个独立于实体世界的平行金融系统。然而,平行金融系统难以对接实体世界资产。受实体世界法律约束的股权、债权等难以合规导入。
小蚁的目标用户是整个现存互联网金融生态,需要引入大量实体世界的金融资产。因此小蚁的设计充分考虑了合规要求,定位为一个对接实体世界的区块链金融系统。

1.5        小蚁的特点
1.5.1         合规对接实体金融


与实体世界的兼容性是小蚁追求的目标。
小蚁为个人和公司用户都提供了中国法律认可的身份认证方案。通过身份认证的账户所参与交易的电子签名受中国《电子签名法》的认可和保护,等同于实名签章。身份认证是用户可选项,而非强制项。
股权等资产的转让和交易,其实质是各方签署电子合同,受中国《合同法》认可和保护。

1.5.2         去中心化的“超导交易”

通过一种小蚁独有的去中心化交易机制“超导交易”,用户能够以超越中心化交易所的体验,完成去中心化交易。用户无需给交易所充值,就可以在交易所进行挂单。挂单成交后,交易所将成交的交易信息广播到小蚁协议网络中,并被写入区块链。
例如某用户A通过“超导交易”卖出某公司股权,该用户无需把股权事先转入交易所。只需要在本地通过私钥对委托单进行签名,就可挂单。与对手盘成交后,对方的人民币款项将直接进入用户A的钱包,无需通过交易所中转。
超导交易所无需管理用户的钱财,没有充值提现流程,简化了运营流程,增加了用户信任度。任何个人和机构都可以成为超导交易所,只要其运行的服务器能提供稳定的撮合服务。
超导交易创造了一种新形态的交易——交易所负责信息的撮合,区块链负责财物的交割。由于不托管用户财物,且交易指令均有密码学证据,超导交易所没有什么特殊的权力,因此监管当局很可能不需要对超导交易所进行前置审批。我们认为随着区块链技术的主流化,超导交易这种模式会成为包括A股在内的主流金融市场的发展方向。

1.5.3         熟悉的用户体验:普通用户无需持有小蚁股/小蚁币;使用查询和支付两个“密码”

小蚁链上的买卖交易由“超导交易”交易所完成。用户的挂单、撤单指令本身不消耗小蚁币。挂单成交后,由交易所来支付写入区块链所需的小蚁币手续费。体验和传统股票市场一致,用户无需持有小蚁股/小蚁币。
此外,小蚁的协议设计使得小蚁的客户端可以使用查询、支付两个密码(私钥)。用户体验和传统网银一致,用户学习成本低,同时提供了良好的安全性。
1.6        法律与合规

小蚁中没有具备通用的支付、定价功能的原生货币,而是以网关的方式引入人民币等法币。小蚁本身不是一种数字货币,而是一种区块链协议,因此没有货币方面的法律争议,不是五部委《关于防范比特币风险的通知》所指虚拟货币,可以与银行、支付机构合作。
小蚁上的个人和组织机构用户均可通过政府授权的CA认证机构进行实名认证。区块链上的股权登记由通过实名认证的公司进行电子签名。股权的转让和交易都由出让人、受让人、公司三方参与签名。公司参与三方签名前有义务保证股权的转让和交易符合《公司法》中“需征得原股东半数同意”、“原股东有优先认购权”、“股东人数限制”等方面的规定。小蚁上的股权转让和交易的本质是一份参与各方都进行电子签名的电子合同。
小蚁内置了KYC(用户身份认证)和AML(反洗钱)接口方案。第三方支付、银行等金融机构可以合规的使用小蚁协议。考虑到遗失密钥的可能性,小蚁还设计了一种资产找回机制——即时你遗失了某个地址的对应私钥,你仍然可以无需借助第三方,就能找回其中的资产。
52  Local / 中文 (Chinese) / 区块链项目【小蚁】将于10月20日-11月20日众筹 on: October 19, 2015, 10:39:54 AM



众筹地址:https://weangel.com/AntShares

小蚁官网:https://www.antshares.com
白皮书PDF版:http://t.cn/Ry4MBad
白皮书在线阅读:http://t.cn/Ry4MgXn

小蚁是基于区块链技术,将实体世界的资产和权益进行数字化,通过点对点网络进行登记发行、转让交易、清算交割等金融业务的去中心化网络协议。小蚁可以被用于股权众筹、P2P网贷、数字资产管理、智能合约等领域。

小蚁的作用可以被总结为“小微资产数字化”。任何个人和机构都可以使用小蚁协议,将自己的资产在小蚁内进行数字化登记,进而进行流转和交易。

小蚁最典型的应用是初创企业可以利用小蚁来管理众筹融资后的分散的股权。

区别于其他区块链系统,小蚁上可以发行符合《公司法》、《合同法》、《电子签名法》要求的实体公司股权。使得区块链上的资产可以得到法律确权和保障。

小蚁股总量恒定1亿股,本次众筹以1000股为1份,每份0.14 BTC。
53  Local / 山寨币 / Re: 大家怎么看小蚁币这个项目 on: October 19, 2015, 10:29:30 AM
以达叔的名气,骗一票小白没问题。看好这个项目。

这是几个意思 Huh
54  Local / 山寨币 / Re: 大家怎么看小蚁币这个项目 on: October 14, 2015, 02:44:59 PM
最近出个国产的项目,叫小蚁币,看了一下白皮书,感觉很粗燥,连怎么防止女巫攻击,双花之类的都没提,各位怎么看这个项目?我的看法是忽悠一群不懂技术的炒家还可以,要玩真的,肯定没戏,一波流的项目!

为了黑小蚁,还专门注册个小号,也是有心了。白皮书的记账机制和共识机制部分就是方式双花和女巫攻击的方法。小蚁的代码实时开源在 http://www.github.com/antshares/antshares。目前核心协议完成度85%。能阅读代码的朋友,可以去看一下是不是玩虚的。

我是小蚁项目的创始人达鸿飞。
55  Local / 中文 (Chinese) / 区块链,匿名终将式微,实名正在崛起 on: June 09, 2015, 06:37:20 AM
作者介绍:达鸿飞,昵称达叔,80年人,现居上海。11年接触比特币,中国比特币社区的早期参与者。目前正在主持“小蚁”项目——一个合规对接实体世界,基于区块链技术的股权转让和交易系统。微信号dahongfei002。

比特币圈无政府主义和自由主义盛行。比特币试图塑造一个平行于(而不是对接)实体世界的金融系统。这是一场理想和现实的谈判。理想年经、鲁莽,不想对现实做一丁点让步;现实略显老态,但掌握着当下。现实或许愿意变革,但有诸多制约,做不到理想所期望的彻底和决断。

虽然必须羞涩地承认我也是个自由主义者,但是对于区块链的未来,我更愿意和现实讲和。我相信区块链的实名化是一个难以阻挡的趋势,也是区块链进入主流应用的前提。凡是能够分清“实然”和“应然”的理智思考者,看完我的论述,也应该不难得出一样的结论。那就让我们开始吧。

什么是区块链?

最初的区块链仅指比特币的总账文件。这些文件记录了自2009年比特币网络运行以来的所有的交易记录。时至今日(2015年6月)这些文件大约占据了35GB的磁盘空间。总账文件并不集中存储于某台服务器,而是在每个客户端都有一份实时同步的备份。文件公开,任何人都可以查阅、审核。

自比特币后,许多其他数字货币系统使用了和比特币区块链非常类似的总账文件方案。比特币和这些数字货币系统一起可以被称作“区块链1.0应用”。

然后最近两年还出现了一批不再局限于货币领域的区块链应用。涉及领域的包括股权登记、版权登记、智能合约、公证、博彩游戏等等,其共同点是:用和比特币区块链类似的技术来解决货币以外的问题。这类应用通常被称作“区块链2.0应用”。

至此我们可以给出一个广义的区块链定义,即:区块链是一个去中心化维护的公开数据库。区块链1.0应用,用这个数据库来记录货币交易;区块链2.0应用,用这个数据库解决货币以外的问题。

区块链上承载了什么?

1.0时代,区块链上记录的就是数字货币本身。这些数字货币以区块链为母体,因此我们可以将这些数字货币称作原生资产。在区块链上,原生资产的财产本体和权利证明是二者合一的。拥有对应的私钥,就拥有了对应账户下数字货币的绝对支配权,而无需任何第三方(如政府)的确认或协助。

到了2.0时代,区块链上登记的内容发生了重大变化。用区块链登记的股份、债权、版权、产权等不再是本体和权利的二者合一。股份、债务、房产等财产的本体存在于实体世界,区块链上登记的只是实体世界财产权利的一种映射,我们可以将其称作映射资产。拥有对应的私钥,只能保证映射资产在区块链上的支配权。而在实体世界里真正行使权利时,往往都需要公司、政府等第三人的介入和配合。

映射资产需要法律介入

映射资产所反映的权利往往受严格的法律程序的约束。比如:股权的设立需要符合《公司法》的相关规定;股权的转让需受《公司法》对股东优先受让权、股东人数上限等条款的限制;房产的转让属于要式合同,必须在房地产管理部门登记等等。

一个匿名区块链上的映射资产由于缺少资产发行人、持有人等各方的身份信息,一般认为属于法律意义上无效的合同。当资产持有人试图在实体世界行使对应权利的时候,难以证明其所持权益的合法性,无法获得法律救济。过去两年发生在比特币世界的事实已经证明,区块链上虚拟股票的持有人碰到发行人作恶或不作为时,只能自认倒霉。

当区块链开始大量承载实体世界资产的时候,匿名性成为了妨碍区块链技术在金融机构、主流企业得到应用的障碍。

区块链实名化,路如何走?

实际上,我国的现行法律已经为区块链的实名化提供了完整的法律框架。2005年颁布的《电子签名法》确认了“可靠的电子签名与手写签名或者盖章具有同等的法律效力”。并规定可靠的电子签名需满足以下4个条件:

(1)电子签名制作数据用于电子签名时,属于电子签名人专有;
(2)签署时电子签名制作数据仅由电子签名人控制;
(3)签署后对电子签名的任何改动能够被发现;
(4)签署后对数据电文内容和形式的任何改动能够被发现。

是不是发现区块链上用户以私钥进行的电子签名完全符合上述要求呢?于是只要证明某个私钥(或其对应公钥)的持有者的身份,那么区块链上所有这个经过私钥签名的交易就都是实名化的了。证明的方法就是向CA机构(数字证书认证机构)申请一份认证其身份的数字证书。

截止2015年,国家商用密码管理办公室已经许可了38家CA机构提供具备法律效力的电子认证服务。这些CA机构一般都采用和区块链类似的密码学方案。CA机构用自己的证书为个人或公司颁发一份认证其身份的数字证书。证书内包含该个人或公司的真实身份信息以及证书持有者与颁发机构两者的电子签名。这样就可以证明,未来用该证书所签署的电子签名是其本人的真实意愿,且在必要的时刻可以公开证书持有人的真实身份。

至此,在区块链上进行要求实名的交易时,双方互相提供CA机构颁发的数字证书即可,并且保证了身份信息只向对方披露。不参与交易的第三方不会获得这些数字证书,也就无法得知双方的身份信息。不想进行实名认证的用户也可以继续使用匿名的账户,但是无法参与到对方要求实名的交易中去。

等等,还有些小障碍

上述思路在实践中还有一些小问题有待解决。在小蚁的开发中我们发现,各种区块链应用普遍使用ECC(椭圆曲线密码学)方案,而我国的CA机构大部分还在使用陈旧的RSA方案。同等安全性下,RSA方案需要约8倍的存储空间和带宽。我国自行研发的ECC方案叫做SM2,而SM2的问题在于它没有在国际上被公认,通用性比较差,比如Windows就不支持。为此,我们正和中国最大的一家CA机构一起探寻兼顾兼容与效率的解决方案,并且取得了一定的进展。

前面说过,区块链是一个公开数据库,每个账户里的资产、交易记录都是公开的。这样的公开透明带来了一个隐私问题:当你把你的账户地址告知交易对方时,对方就能通过区块链查询到这个账户里的所有资产和历史交易了。这可是个大问题!

为了解决这一隐私问题,比特币客户端建议用户每次收款都使用新的地址。这样每次和你交易的对方就只能看到该笔交易,而不是全部;支付协议Ripple由于设计成了新账户需要充值激活,使得用户不得不重复使用同一个账户,导致了Ripple账户的隐私性相当脆弱。

那么实名化的区块链上通过了身份认证的账户怎么办呢?总不能每次交易都换个新账户,做一次身份认证吧?

所幸密码学给了我们强有力的工具。通过使用一些巧妙的密码学方案,完全能够做到保持区块链的公开透明,同时让用户可以重复使用进行过身份认证的账户,而不必担心名下资产、历史交易的隐私泄露。具体的方案,我将会在今后的文章中再详述。

总结一下:

1、区块链正越来越多的被用来承载实体世界的财产,实体世界的财产权利必然受法律的约束和规范;
2、因此,区块链必须结合身份认证,才能合规地对接实体世界的财产权利,才能进入主流应用;
3、区块链在保持公开透明性的同时,也必须保护使用者的隐私,才能被用户所接受;
4、身份认证已有技术上可行且具备法律效力的方案。区块链创业者们,加油!


最后卖个广告。我正在主持的“小蚁”项目是一个区块链2.0应用,以去中心化的方式来完成股权的登记、转让和交易。单是这么说一点都不sexy,但是如果告诉你小蚁可以合规地让任何公司在互联网上发行、交易自己的股权,你会不会联想到P2P化的纳斯达克,或者是证券市场版的Uber呢?
56  Economy / Service Announcements / Re: [ANN] Bitfinex Market Depth Charts + Liquidity (Lending) Charts on: March 31, 2014, 05:41:52 PM
hi dahongfei,

I would love to help you, but I'm not sure what to do.... The chart not loading is probably because it's quite data intensive, so probably your vpn/ssh connection doesn't like that... I could render it all charts server side opposed to client side (what i'm doing at the moment), but the server is not really suited for that. it has trouble keeping up as it is at the moment. So handling rendering the charts will probably result in a slow site for all visitors.
So unless I get some more funds to pay for better hosting the service will be as it is. Feel free to chip in a few bitcoin pennies to the donation address and I will upgrade the web host. Sorry I can help you much further at the moment.

regards Bjorn

don't be sorry Bjorn, think it this way: your are on a Chinese gov's list together with facebook, twitter, youtube...
57  Economy / Service Announcements / Re: [ANN] Bitfinex Market Depth Charts + Liquidity (Lending) Charts on: March 31, 2014, 04:27:18 PM
Hi bjorn, I'm having problem accessing your website from China. It seems your IP from rhclould is banned by the Chinese Great Firewall. I have to use a VPN/SSH to access it.

Another problem is 8 of 10 times, the "Bitfinex USD Swaps Stats USD" chart is blank while other parts are working good.
58  Bitcoin / Project Development / Re: [SWARM] $300 in Bounties - SMF Forums, Be Global Mods, Make Look Nice, Promote on: March 07, 2014, 07:15:30 AM
here is my address: 1Gsua52K2TWDgAuSHX59CemkYaFFP9EyW4

thanks!
59  Economy / Exchanges / Re: [OFFICIAL]Bitfinex.com first Bitcoin P2P lending platform for leverage trading on: March 07, 2014, 07:02:55 AM
The thing I really don't like about leverage trading is you have to close the trade at bitfinex.  You cannot simply return the borrowed coin / usd by depositing.

You can open another opposite position in exchange with the same amount. And then close the margin position in market order. But slippage may occur if your opposite position is filled by others.


It would be nice to have a button to

"Close position with BTC" for short position

"Close position with USD" for long position

given that the user have that amount of BTC or USD in trading wallet

Of course, the user should pay 0.15% x 2 = 0.3% fee for closing such position.

Exactly, we really need this feature. Please make it happen.
60  Bitcoin / Project Development / Re: Introducing CoinFinance.com - Like Google Finance but for your cryptos on: March 05, 2014, 12:17:05 AM
It works on my IE11

Can you give me an screen shot?



I tried with other HTML5 webcam sites, and it says my browser doesn't support getUserMedia. IE11 on Windows 8.1 64bit.
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