I have corrected that above based on mastering bitcoin. But, I have a question, normally in a pool mining, no nodes for verification, miners in this case depends on pool server, in this process if one of the miners in the pool mine a block, the miner will not be able to verify? I believe after it mine a block, it will still have to depend on the pool server that has the blockchain for verification? Or, after a block is mined, the mining is the first verification?

Yes, it is a hardware authenticator that was manufacturer by Yobico, but I do not see it useful than software ones. Some people even having the knowledge to use online 2FA on another device which is what experienced people will do. What that should be requested for is the use of 2FA to access our Bitcointalk account and of which there are some threads about that, I believe if admin will make this reality, software 2FA will first be introduced which I believe is perfect enough for experienced users. What matter most is the knowledge needed to use it, as for me, I prefer the software ones which I already have on another mobile device rather than wasting money on what can be achievable on my other device. Software authenticators can even work without connecting devices online. But, all are recommendable, while knowledge to further still protect account is very important.

Because they are not as much different from exchanges by not giving users full control over their cryptocurrencies. There are a lot of inconveniences that can result from using custodial services. In this regard, the recommendable wallets are noncustodial and open source, even custodial wallets should not fit in not to talk of Freewallet that is custodial with freezing account reputation. But, like you have commented, they paid for it, but there are a lot of reasons we should not use such wallets. There are times custodial services do have issues, I believe Freewallet users will be able to testify to this.

But, why only Freewallet mentioned? Haven't you heard about Freewallet freezing users account? What if the price of cryptocurrencies decreased at the time. The thing is, both Freewallet and exchanges are all offering custodial services. In this regard, Freewallet is not a good example, to be able to have access to your coin anytime you want, you need to have a noncustodial wallet, and Freewallet is custodial and not a good example, users do not have the private key to the coins they are having there on their Freewallet account, and not your key not you coin. Such inconveniences can occur on any platform providing custodial services, be it wallets or exchanges.

Some week ago, Elon Musk issued short shrift to Freewallet on Twitter after the cryptocurrency wallet provider attempted to use the Tesla CEO’s tweet celebrating dogecoin to promote its services. Elon Musk saying Freewallet's app "sucks,"

Maybe because of that, Freewallet providers now depicting Freewallet as a good wallet, I was surprised with many information I read today on cointelegraph, many people will be thinking freewallet offer the best security and safety.

For newbies to understand more about wallets
In this regard, there are two types of wallets, custodial and noncustodial wallets.

Noncustodial wallets are wallets that generate private keys for users, the private keys makes users the owner of the coin they stored. For example, bitcoin wallet store the keys (private keys, public keys and addresses), bitcoin itself is stored on bitcoin blockchain, while private keys are to unlock the bitcoin for users to spend. It means, if you owns the private key, you owns the coin, it also means no one can control the coin for you, no third party needed when I can have access to my coins successfully, why depending on third party. Only what I need is to protect my private key, or seed phrase that generates the private key. Although, if passphrase or key extension is enabled, it must also be appropriately saved from attackers and damages.

Custodial wallets
Third party like Coinbase or Freewallet will have the private key, while users will have only addresses, this means that the their party have control over the coin, they have the power to freeze users coin, they have the power the block users account, they even have power to send the coins. But, all the wallet companies that provide the custodial service will say is that users have full control over his/her coin, that is just a deceit, users do not have the full control, the company do.

Custodial and noncustodial exchanges
From the above explanations, I believe the differences between custodial and noncustodial exchanges can be understood, exchanges are used for trading, but wallets are used for saving. Most noncustodial exchanges are third party that trade a coin for another coin from your private key wallet addresses, which is not the focus now. But, custodial exchanges are the most common, some people will use such custodial exchanges to save cryptocurrencies, which is completely wrong as they are often hacked.

The reason to go for noncustodail wallet for savings
Also open source wallets are recommended, that is also noncustodial. Open source because you will know the source code your wallet uses and available to the public, noncustodial because you have the private key. If no attackers knows the private key, no issue and you are safe. Offline wallets are the safest but not the focus here.

What I read recently on Cointelegraph
We have seen how google makes the world complicated in a way some people are exposed to scam because of the services they are providing, collecting peoples data, now companies are paying news companies to help them advertise their services, even with wrong information to promote them.


If you click the link, you will read the news in full, Cointelegraph pointed out that custodial exchanges are often hacked, and the reason why people should use wallet. But, is freewallet a good example. Elon Musk is making true statement about Freewallet, they can lock somes account, and they truly sucks because they are making people to think users is safe while using their wallet. The world is now becoming a place full of false news, making our own research is now a necessity, else, we will be lost in false information.

https://cointelegraph.com/news/how-wallet-platforms-are-taking-on-exchanges
https://www.coindesk.com/elon-musk-bites-back-at-freewallet-after-dogecoin-tweet?amp=1
https://modernconsensus.com/people/your-app-sucks-elon-musk-to-crypto-wallet-freewallet/
https://mobile.twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1359390452772966404

With what I have read about all what CBN has been saying about cryptocurrencies, from the first to the last words, non are correct, that is why I even make some comments that CBN are full of false information. Cryptocurrencies used in money laundering, is fiat notore used than cryptocurrencies. Cryptocurrencies used in terrorism financing, are Boko Haram using cryptocurrencies? I doubt that because fiats are used, I believe some people thinking to be good are sponsoring Boko Haram with fiat. Also cryptocurrencies transactions are anonymous, that is what CBN presedent said that make me conclude that this man is either not exposed or just passionately hate cryptocurrencies as banks from developing countries do.

Not that mining bitcoin is not profitable, but require more powerful miners to do. To go cheaper, it is better to mine with altcoins with graphics cards that altcoins can be mined with. But, with good and cheap electricity and capability to buy powerful ASICs needed, you can also mine Bitcoin profitably in Nigeria, provided electricity is constant and cheap.

I do not know of altcoin, but I know some sites that can easily help in calculating bitcoin profit for ease which I think can be helpful

https://www.buybitcoinworldwide.com/mining/calculator/

https://www.cryptocompare.com/mining/calculator/btc?HashingPower=40&HashingUnit=TH%2Fs&PowerConsumption=1500&CostPerkWh=0.12&MiningPoolFee=1

It is surprising what I saw about trading, that 95% of traders are losing, this was not what I even thought before, I was considering 75% of traders, but no research paper exists that proves this number right while some suggesting that the actual figure is much, much higher.



This poll are strictly for traders, it is clear that holding bitcoin and some other strong altcoins in the past did not later result to loss, unless the people that sold out of panic, because the price of these crypto assets increased back. So, this poll are only for traders, for us to know how trading is risky.

This is not about what you feel about trading, it is about what has happened to you, maybe you have lost to trading, or you are gaining from trading.

https://tradeciety.com/24-statistics-why-most-traders-lose-money/

Any nodes that have the full blockchain are called full nodes, any nodes that do not have the blockchain are not full nodes. Full nodes are keeping records of updated blockchain ledger.

Full nodes verify bitcoin transactions, a full node will verify transactions and relay it to another nodes through routing for further verification.

No, not possible.

Miners do verify transactions, miners mine new blocks and confirmed bitcoin transactions, nodes( nodes with full blockchain) are regarded as full nodes and are the ones that can further verify the transactions confirmed and blocks mined by miners. After a node verify a transaction it route it to another node for further verification.

There are other accelerators, like ViaBTC can also acceleratate for free, but free acceleratators can not include such low fee transaction. Other means is the paid accelerators, but the fee that will be demanded for will make it impossible because the fee will be too high.

CPFP will work on electrum as the unconfirmed transaction can be spent on electrum, and this is only the best way remain that can be used.

I do not know much about this, but to my best of knowledge, mycelium wallet is a SPV wallet and have a central server, central servers are full nodes and also have there own mempool. If the transaction is dropped from such server mempool, you should be able to rebroadcast it. The server default days to drop unconfirmed transaction can be more than 14 days. Also, it can be from other mempools (not all mempools are 14 days by default to drop unconfirmed transactions), so I do not have any guarantee the time you will be able to rebroadcast the transaction than to check your wallet often until you will be able to see it and be able to rebroadcast it using high fee.

Also as to what hosseinimr93 commented, is the wallet coinbase.com or coinbase wallet app? If you have your 12 words seed phrase, that means it is noncustodial and you can use electrum to spend the unconfirmed transaction. But if it is coinbase.com, it is custodial and have no seed phrase given you, which means you will just have to wait.

That was truly a dust attack, replace-by-fee will not create multiple transactions like that, only the transaction you pumped will be confirmed, not external transactions. RBF is completely safe to use, so far it is 0.00008BTC you sent, transaction only pertaining to it would be seen, others are just dust attack to be used to link addresses on your wallet through any transaction you make from the wallet. So, before making any transaction, you need to freeze all the coins.

The thing is, there is no central mempool, every nodes with full blockchain that verify bitcoin trasactions have its own mempool, and these nodes communicate with other nodes and pass blocks mined and transactions already confirmed across for verification in which mempools are also updated. You transaction might have left some mempool, but that does not mean it is not still included in other mempools. Even, that is why there can be transactions that is already dropped and yet later confirmed after 14 days, the reason to rebroadcast exactly the same input that was dropped. In your case, the transaction has not being dropped by most mempool.

Which wallet did you send the transaction to? If you are able to spend unconfirmed transaction on the wallet, you can send to another address on your same wallet using input from the unconfirmed transaction. If high fee is used, the transactions will be confirmed earlier.

That has been the reason for many wallets to have gone close source, like Coinomi was open source before but gone close source, also was trust wallet that has already gone close source. The above reason may be their good reason, but close source wallet must not be encouraged because they are not trust worthy. When I have wallets that have the source codes that the public can easily check to know if it has vulnerabilities, the close source should just be forbidden and can be highly inimical in the future. Cryptocurrencies should be completely open source and decentralized and be used with open source wallets.

Close source wallets runs with source codes that is not accessible to the public, which means only the wallet provider knows the source code and not accessible. Supposing if the code is having vulnerabilities intentionally inputted into the code by the wallet provider, the user will not know. So, you will need to trust the wallet provider, of which I can never trust such wallets because I do not even know if the wallet provider is spying on my bitcoin and other crypto assets stored on the wallet. They may not spy on it today, but what about tomorrow. Anything can happen in the future, the reason I can never trust close source wallets.

Open source wallets are better because the source codes are available to the public, and the public can be able to correct any mistake seen. Also users will not have to trust third party but the wallet source code if revealed to be good like the ones for electrum wallet and other reputed open source wallets. If any mistake is seen, it will be fixed by the public volunteers and it will be impossible to include vulnerabilities like spying bugs and others because the source code is available to the public.

You are right, to mine bitcoin, graphics cards like Nvedia and AMD that can be connected in grid to make up mining rig for bitcoin mining are no more profitable to mine bitcoin, but still possible to mine some altcoins, I am not sure about the strong altcoins like ethereum, litecoin and others in such high categories. For bitcoin mining, ASIC like Bitmain antminer S19 will be needed or any other good new ASIC like the Antimer T17 which is also efficient.

In Nigeria, CBN ban bitcoin, bitcoin is not banned in Nigeria itself. So, anything related to bank trasactions with exchanges and other such crypto organizations is what that was banned. Mining equipment importation into Nigeria should not be a problem. But, this is just my opinion about this.

About the issue of electricity which is very important for miners to have access to cheap and constant electricity. In Nigeria, most regions do not have access to constant electricity, but there are some areas with constant electricity. I remembered the time I spent in Katsina, although not all areas have electricity, but there was a local government called Batagarawa where almost all tertiary institutions are located, they gave access to 23 hours electricity in a day or more. Also the Katsina town itself have constant electricity, in the GRA, if electricity is poor, there will still be 12 hours electricity in a day, but oftenly having access to more than 23 hours electricity. I chatted with our of our Nigerians that told me of 23 hours electricity in his area too. Although, in my area, electricity is very poor.

What comes to my mind is that, there are places there are constant electricity in Nigeria but few. But, the issue is to know if the electricity is cheap or not. But, there are two types of payment in Nigeria, the prepaid and the post paid. Using post paid, Electricity company in my state do not check Metre at all, thy calculate it based on how big companies and houses are, people can take advantage of this to mine Bitcoin or other crypto assets in Nigeria.

I am not sure about postpaid, it might not be cheap, but users have to calculate this on their own because the bills differ from state to state. I noticed we in my town paid less in electricity than people is another town. Because of this, it will be good for the person that want to mine bitcoin or any other crypto asset in Nigeria to calculate this on his own.

First by checking the watt the miners will consume
Also the watt others like cooling machines will consume during hot weather
Checking also the bitcoin paid by mining pool for the hashes generated for the miners he want to buy.

All thes will be used to calculate if mining is profitable in his area of location in Nigeria. Mining profitability will really differ from area to area.

About the issue if miners, I do not also think ordering from countries like China should be a barrier, but having retailers selling miners here in the Country will make them cheaper, getting it from abroad is not bad after the profitability calculation is made and positive.

If you truly have sent the bitcoin from Coinmama, and your address is part of the confirmed transaction you pasted above, I will advice you to download electrum (download from electrum.org and verify its signature). Click on the wallet, press next, and click standard wallet, then on I already have a seed, import your 12 word seed phrase. Check if the balance will appear, you will need a laptop for that.

Edited:
You can also import the seed phrase using electrum on mobile phones, it will work as fine.

Did you mean you send the bitcoin from Coinmama to to an address on your bitcoin.org wallet?

Make sure the wallet app completely sync with the blockchain

Do you have the seed phrase (12 words)?

You have $10 worth of bitcoin on your electrum wallet, you used 0.000109BTC for the purchase while the fee used is 0.000023BTC, both will amounts to roughly $10 with the current bitcoin price. Which means the bitcoin left on your wallet will be negligible or no bitcoin left on your wallet. Even if assumed you used segwit address and sent to native segwit address, with that fee, the fee rate will be around 21 sat/vbyte, the fee rate will even be lower if used/sent with nested segwit address and much more lower if the address is legacy. The lower the fee rate the less likely transaction will be confirmed in time.

If assuming the fee rate is 21 sat/vbytes or lower, while currently the weekdays just started in which the mempool will likely be congested until weekends again, the mempool is currently at 123 sat/vbyte for now, even if it will reduce, it might not reduced to the fee rate you paid. This means, possibly the transaction can not be confirmed until weekend.

The best to do to get transaction confirmed in time is to pump the fee, but you can not pump the fee even if the transaction support replace-by-fee because no fee to do that, and with your explanation, child-pay-for-parent can not also be used. The best is to wait until the mempool is less congested.

Immediately you made the transaction, the bitcoin balance will be deducted of the amount sent, the transaction will queue in the mempool, the seller you sent it may require the transaction to be confirmed, while I believe the transaction support replace-by-fee which will make it qmore solid reason the transaction must be confirmed before the purchase will be successful. But, the transaction likely not yet confirmed and if so, it will really take time.

To know if the transaction is confirmed, you can check it on blockchain explorer like blockchair.com by pasting the txid into the space provided and search.

You will have to be very patient, not greedy and be disciplined. Earning from bitcoin or other crypto asset is possible but with good knowledge and experience about it, you first need to learn.

Trading will come your mind, you might want to earn but lose to trading. Having a good mindset is a requisite to successful means of earning. Holders that hold in the past did not think this way but earn even more than expected. Also traders do not think like this for not to have a poor mindset, poor mindset will bring losses, instead, have good mindset. Trade not to be eager to gain but to be able not to lose.

I believed this is also answered above, have good mindset and make sure you are well and professionally conversant with what you are dealing with.