Exactly what I meant, but it is normal to critize the network, but the criticism are not true. Also, bitcoin itself is said to be ponzi and all sort of things like that, all because it is open source. If it is close source like the monetary system that is centralized, it will not be critizied because they think govements will protect such but not knowing it is not perfect as open source and decentralized like bitcoin specifically. Check my quotes above to get the total picture of my post.

Just want to add that some exchanges fee are still higher, I saw yobit withdrawal fee to be 0.0012BTC, I am not certain if it has been changed. Also another exchange called HitBTC, the withdrawal fee was 0.0015BTC before, but was changed to 0.0009BTC. There are some exchanges like that with higher withdrawal fee.

About binance and some exchanges that charge 0.0005BTC as withdrawal fee, they make it mandatory because they want the processing time to be fast, but there are many times the mempool is not congested, and still demanding for such fee to get the transaction processed in time. From the transaction above, the mempool is congested, but there are times the mempool will not be congested and people making transaction at the time. Although, I do not really know how this works out but just the way I think it will be.

This can not be possible, having a single blockchain is better, having multiple different blockchains can make 51% attack possible. Also, you can not compare bitcoin and its blockchain to banks, they are completely and entirely different, which is another reason it can not work. Bitcoin is not closed as banks but open to public and transparent with open source codes and decentralized network.

It is normal to critize anything open source, but the true design of Bitcoin makes 51% attack not to have occurred.

I do not think so, as miners are increasing mining hashes, that is one aspect of the security. Also as miners from China is reducing drastically, 75% miners are from China in 2019 which reduced to 65% in 2020, let us still expect it to reduce further as miners in USA are increase while some governments are getting friendly to Bitcoin mining. Even the Belarusian government wants to fully support bitcoin mining.

How is bitcoin network going to be strengthen? All they can do is to buy more miners and mine out of China. Bitcoin network is already strengthened. If miners increase, the network will also be strengthened.

They are making statememts on 51% but has never happened before, when bitcoin blockchain was not as strong as this, no 51% attack occured. And now, no 51% attack that will occur.

There are many people in bitcoin community monitoring this without help needed, but if others like, they can join to help, but they should know that bitcoin is not just alive today without no 51% attack before, bitcoin has a strong community.

Thanks for the correction, all changed. Also, about transaction typo, all corrected. Thanks for pointing that out.

Assumimg, bitcoin is at $50500, you set the STOP at $50100, and the price at $50000. That means if the price of bitcoin drop from $50500 to $50100 or below but yet above the price you set ($50000), the order will be filled and the coin will be sold at $50000. But, in this case, it ought to be like this.

Stop price= $50100
Price = $50000

But, very possible some exchanges set it the way you inputted it here, it will be good if you represent it the way the exchange you are using do.

That is how stop loss should look like, but it may differ the way it is from an exchange to another but all the same.

Do not be confused about this, for example, I have a friend, he told me he want to buy bitcoin, and I want to sell, that is an example of direct p2p. Or, another example, CryptopreneurBrainboss (a reputed member on this forum) is from my country, he has bitcoin exchange service directly on this forum, I can sell him bitcoin and he will pay in Naira (Fiat). Or, I can post it on my local board that I want to sell bitcoin or altcoin at a particular price, anyone interested will pm me.

The mempool is around 135 sat/vbyte for now, but this do fluctuate all the time and will be reduced, especially during weekends, just leave it for 50 sat/vbyte, it will later be confirmed.

Bitcoin users are paying more on transaction fees than usual, this is as a result of many wallets not supporting segwit, some do not make segwit as default, some bitcoin users do not even know what segwit address is. Not only that, many exchanges also do not support segwit but typically legacy. Some Bitcoin users even have access to segwit addresses but due to not having enough knowledge about bitcoin makes them paying more than usual. But, all these and ways to minimize bitcoin fee will be discussed.

The Lightning Network
Focus will be on onchain transactions while lightning network is offchain but really worth to mention. LN is a way bitcoin users can pay very low amount of bitcoin, but block fees will be paid while opening and closing a channel, the block fees are fee collected by miners while using onchain payment method. After opening a channel, only very low amount of bitcoin are deducted as fee, can be as low as less than 100 satoshi.

Transaction Inputs, outputs and UTXOs
Inputs are the bitcoin received into an address, while bitcoin transaction create an output which is recorded on blockchain ledger. Outputs are the bitcoin sent to another address. UTXOs are the unspent transaction outputs which are the spendable chunks of bitcoin which is recognized by the whole network and available for the owner to spend in a future transaction.

Inputs consolidation and sending to multiple addresses
One of the reasons for high transaction fees are high inputs, inputs carry more data weight which makes it more responsible for high fee, but also increase in transaction output is also responsible for high fee but not as high compared to inputs. This is revealed in the calculation below.

Assuming Bob received few satoshi of 0.001BTC in total from faucet 10 different times using a compressed legacy bitcoin address, this means the transaction will have 10 inputs. If Bob wants to send the whole bitcoin to Alice single uncompressed legacy address at ones, this is how the fee will look like.

vbyte= Input*149 + output*34 + 10 plus or minus input
vbytes= 10*149 + 1*34 + 10 +/- 10
vbyte= 1544

Assuming the feerate= 100 sat/vbytes

Fee= feerate*vbyte
Fee= 100*1544
Fee= 154400 Satoshi
Fee=  0.001544BTC.

Okay, let us assume that Bob received 1BTC from Alice in a single transaction from compressed legacy address to compressed legacy address, and Bob wants to send the whole 1BTC to 10 addresses, that means the transaction will have 1 input and 10 outputs

vbyte= Input*149 + output*34 + 10 plus or minus input
vbyes= 1*149 + 10*34 + 10 +/- 1
vbytes= 500

Assuming the feerate= 100 sat/vbytes

Fee= feerate*vbyte
Fee= 100*500
Fee= 50000
Fee= 0.0005BTC

Assuming Bob has 1BTC received from only one legacy address and sending it to Alice legacy address. That means it has 1 input and 1 output. But, if Bob decided to send some like 0.001BTC, he will collect change which will be sent back to another address on his wallet called change address, in this second case, the transaction will have 1 input and 2 outputs.
Using the formalar above
For 1 inputs and 1 outputs, the vbyte= 192vbytes

Assuming the feerate= 100 sat/vbytes

Fee= 100*192
Fee= 19200 satoshi
Fee= 0.000192BTC

The reason to consolidate inputs
Consolidating input means to send all the bitcoin with many inputs to only one address back on your wallet so that the input will become one. Although, there are cases to increase privacy and want to only use coin control to consolidate few inputs, but with these explainations, it is clear that consolidating input will bring about a wallet being able to use lesser fee for transactions. Not only that, it is also included that the more the output, the more the fee, but not as high compared inputs.

Sending to multiple addresses will increase the fee but better than sending to one address one after the other. In the example above, sending to 10 addresses only cost 0005BTC, if sending to one address one after the other, for 10 transactions with 1 input and 1 output:
Fee= 000192BTC*10
Fee= 0.00192BTC which is far higher than 0005BTC
The sender will even use more fee because as he sends from one address, the input will be increasing which will significantly increase the fee.


Using segwit
This reduces the weight of transactions, possibly because of the vbytes metric, it is a common misconception that segwit somehow makes transactions much smaller—but this is incorrect. A 300-byte transaction is 300 bytes on-disk and over-the-wire. Segwit just counts those bytes differently toward the maximum block size of 4M weight units.

The maximum size of a block in bytes is nearly equal in number to the maximum amount of block weight units, so 4M weight units allows a block of almost 4M bytes (4MB). This is not a somehow "made-up" size; the maximum block size is really almost 4MB on-disk and over-the-wire. However, this maximum can only be reached if the block is full of very weirdly-formatted transactions, so it should not usually be seen.

Comparing segwit and legacy transactions
There are native segwit and nested segwit, legacy addresses start from 1, nested segwit starts from 3 while native which is the real segwit starts from bc1. In the comparing, 1 input and 1 output will be used.

Legacy
vbyte= Input*149 + output*34 + 10 plus or minus input
For 1 inputs and 1 outputs, the vbyte= 192vbytes

Assuming the feerate= 100 sat/vbytes

Fee= 100*192
Fee= 19200 satoshi
Fee= 0.000192BTC


Nested segwit
vbyte= Input*93 + output*32 + 10 plus or minus input
For 1 inputs and 1 outputs, the vbyte= 134vbytes

Assuming the feerate= 100 sat/vbytes

Fee= 100*134
Fee= 13400 satoshi
Fee= 0.000134BTC

Segwit (native segwit)
vbyte= Input*68 + output*31 + 10 plus or minus input
For 1 inputs and 1 outputs, the vbyte= 108vbytes

Assuming the feerate= 100 sat/vbytes
Fee= 100*108

Fee= 10800 satoshi
Fee= 0.000108BTC

From the calculation above, it is clear that legacy address have more fee to be paid compared to nested segwit, while native segwit (segwit) have the lowest fee.

3. Fee estimation
Most if not all wallets do not estimate fee rightly, a wallet fee estimation algorithm may not calculate the fee needed to get transaction in a block faster accurately, and it may be accurate at times. But the best to do is to also make use of online fee estimators. There are some that are not recommended, like bitcoinfees.earn.com which do gives wrong estimation, but there are some recommended ones like mempool.observer, mempool.space and jochen-hoenicke.de. Before sending bitcoin, checking the fee using reputed online fee estimators and comparing like two will be good because wallets estimators can over estimates at times in why leading to paying higher fee than usual.

One popular question
I paid higher fee than what I am seeing on blockchain
Normally, the most used blockchain explorer by novice is blockchain.com/explorer which do not display fee in vsize/vbyte but in bytes. You can pay 0.0005BTC fee in vbyte which will only be 0.0003BTC in bytes. This do confuse people thinking that the fee paid is less to what the wallets estimated, but no. It is good to make use of blockchain  explorers that also estimate the fee in vbytes, the most recommended for now is blockchair.com.

https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Weight_units
https://github.com/bitcoinbook/bitcoinbook/blob/develop/ch06.asciidoc

Check settings, you will see replace-by-fee, it should be ON. But, that does not matter now, what matters is to know if RBF is on before making the transaction. Check blockchair.com to know if the transaction support RBF. Or, click on the unconfirmed transaction, check if you can pump it or not.

Low fee makes it not confirmed in time, replace-by-fee is on by default in electrum, it will be good to also check if the transaction supports replace-by-fee. You can increase the fee or just wait till weekend when the mempool will be less congested.

You are right, native segwit have the lowest fee, while the nexted segwit is still good. If native segwit can save 42% fee, nested segwit will be able to save 35% or more fee while legacy should be forbidden as it presents only the raw trasaction to calculate the fee. There are still some wallets that do not support nested segwit and native segwit but legacy addresses, a good example is atomic wallet, although its seed phrase has derivation path for both segwit, but not accessible on the wallet as legacy addresses are the only addresses accessible on the wallet, this makes many people using the wallet to pay too high on fee.

Nigeria SEC in support of cryptocurrencies while CBN not in support, p2p has been the best though, no bank charges and no conversion charges. 

It depends on what you want, the weakest wallet are web wallets, coinbase is a web wallet. Although, said to be safe and secure which is not still recommended by it's design, but it is an API wallet which means you do not have private keys to your coins, this means if anything happens, your cryptocurrencies stored on it can be controlled by the coinbase company, they can freeze your account, you will not have the full control but them because you do not have the private key to your coins, they have it.

Recommendable to just use it for buying and send to your noncustodial wallet, preferably hardware wallet.

It is extra words, it can be multiple words.

If you use passphrase, another seed will be generated, this will lead to generation of different private keys and public keys and addresses. So, anytime you want to recover your wallet, you need the passphrase along with the seed phrase. Including passphrase during wallet generation is not necessary, but just for more security.

Anyone you use, know that 12 words seed phrase is even enough for wallet protection, provided not revealed to attackers. The passphrasee just make it more secure so that if the seed phrase is known to attackers without knowing the passphrase, the attackers will still not be able to compromise the wallet, but if the seed phrase is not known to attackers on wallets passphrase is not enabled, the attacker can not still bruth force the private key of the wallet which means it is still safe too. So, it depends on your choice.

To invest (hodl) you will need to move your bitcoin into a noncustodial wallet, hardware wallet like trezor preferably. With that, you will have a seed phrase and be able to control your coins yourself with private key generated. The seed phrase needs to be protected offline off-phone but well written on paper and triplicate into three different locations. Web and custodial wallets are not recommended for holding.

For the right time to invest, all I can comment is that bitcoin is a deflationary asset, but you need to take proper look into bitcoin price history and analyze and learn what time is best. No one will tell you the best time to invest but yourself. Also, about 80% bitcoin and 20% altcoins, you also need to analyze the crypto market and decide yourself how you want your portfolio to be and never invest on shitcoins which you can think have low price, that the price will increase, the price can become lower and such coins can later beccome dead, but the reason I will advice you not to invest in such coins is because of high volatility and low trading volume.

What I can just advice is to never leave your coins on custodial wallets and also on web wallets, offline wallets are recommended for holding. Also, not to invest on shitcoins are they have high volatility and low marketcap.

No more further explanation that bech32 addresses can either be in capital or small letter, but according to all the wallets I have used before, the bech32 addresses are in small letters and numbers, which should be the recommended way. Some people may want to change it to capital, this might lead to typo error, even if bech32 address can still point out few typo errors, it should not be recommended if the wallet someone is using uses small letter which I believe is the standard wallets are using which makes the QR code have smaller field.

Very possible. Supposing you use passphrase (extended word) of BIP39, there is a space below iamcoleman you will need to input the passphrase. If you do not input the passphrase, the result will be another seed that will be generated, this will result to another addresses to be generated entirely. You will need the passphrase if you use it, to generate the address for you.

You will need to contact binance customer care.

See an example below with 30 confirmations. Check that and let us know if the confirmation is more than 12. Slow confirmation time can result if fee paid is very low.