Iphone and Ipad users can be compromised regarding the Binance wallet by crypto tracking app FomoPeek; if someone downloaded versions 1.1 or 1.2 you should immediately stop using it and check Binance wallet.
Below is an official warning from Binance administration:

[YOUR SEED PHRASE IS CORRECT, BUT YOUR BITCOIN IS MISSING]

YOUR SEED PHRASE IS CORRECT, BUT YOUR BITCOIN IS MISSING

Why a recovered wallet can show 0 BTC even when you have the correct recovery words

🔐 THE PROBLEM

You restore your Bitcoin wallet.

You enter your correct 12 or 24-word recovery phrase.

You expect to see your Bitcoin.

Instead, you see:

0 BTC

Your first thought might be:

"My Bitcoin is gone."

Do not assume that immediately.

For a BIP39 wallet, the mnemonic is used to derive a seed. The wallet then uses its own derivation scheme to derive keys and addresses.

The Bitcoin itself remains recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain.

This means you might have:

Correct recovery phrase

*

Different recovery configuration

=

Different addresses or an apparently empty wallet

This is one of the most confusing parts of wallet recovery.


1. YOUR RECOVERY PHRASE IS NOT A LIST OF YOUR ADDRESSES

A BIP39 mnemonic is a human-readable representation of entropy.

The mnemonic and an optional passphrase are processed to create the BIP39 seed.

The seed is then used by a deterministic wallet to derive keys and addresses.

Think of it like this:

Mnemonic

↓

BIP39 seed

↓

Wallet derivation scheme

↓

Keys

↓

Addresses

The important part is:

The recovery words alone do not tell the wallet which address configuration you originally used.

The wallet also needs to know how to derive the addresses.


2. THE DERIVATION PATH MATTERS

A derivation path tells an HD wallet how to derive keys from its root.

Bitcoin wallets use different derivation schemes for different purposes.

For example, commonly encountered Bitcoin paths include:

Code:

m/44'/0'/0'
m/49'/0'/0'
m/84'/0'/0'
m/86'/0'/0'

These paths are associated with different wallet standards and script types.

If your original wallet used one derivation scheme and your recovery wallet uses another, the resulting addresses might not match.

You could therefore have:

Correct seed

but:

Wrong derivation setup

The result may be an empty balance in the recovered wallet.

BitcoinTalk has real examples of users importing the same seed into different wallets and receiving different Bitcoin addresses because the wallets used different derivation paths or script types.


3. ADDRESS AND SCRIPT TYPE CAN MATTER

Bitcoin supports several address formats.

You may encounter:

Legacy

Code:

1...

Nested SegWit

Code:

3...

Native SegWit

Code:

bc1q...

Taproot

Code:

bc1p...

Different script types are associated with different derivation schemes.

Two wallets using the same recovery phrase might therefore show different addresses if they are configured to derive different script types.

The important lesson:

Do not assume that every wallet automatically checks every possible Bitcoin address type.

4. THE BIP39 PASSPHRASE IS IMPORTANT

This is one of the biggest recovery traps.

BIP39 supports an optional passphrase.

The passphrase is used together with the mnemonic when creating the BIP39 seed.

For example:

Code:

Recovery phrase
+
no passphrase

and:

Code:

Recovery phrase
+
"MySecret"

produce different BIP39 seeds.

Therefore, they lead to different derived keys and addresses.

Even:

Code:

"MySecret"

and:

Code:

"mysecret"

are different.

Spaces and other characters also matter.

There is no special "wrong passphrase" error in BIP39.

An incorrect passphrase is still valid input.

It produces a different BIP39 seed, which leads to different derived keys and addresses.

A different BIP39 passphrase produces a different BIP39 seed.

Important: A BIP39 passphrase is not the same thing as the normal password or PIN used to unlock a wallet application.


5. NOT EVERY WALLET USES THE SAME SEED SYSTEM

This is another common source of confusion.

People sometimes assume:

"If two wallets accept my 12 or 24 words, they must interpret them in exactly the same way."

Not necessarily.

BIP39 is one specific standard.

Other wallet software can use different mnemonic or seed systems.

Electrum is an important example. Electrum has its own seed system and does not use BIP39 seeds by default.

So if an Electrum wallet was created using an Electrum seed, importing those words into another wallet as if they were a standard BIP39 mnemonic might not recreate the original wallet.

Always identify the wallet that created the original backup before trying a different recovery method.

6. WHAT ABOUT THE GAP LIMIT?

There is another possible recovery issue involving address discovery.

Some wallets do not search an unlimited number of unused addresses.

For example, a wallet might have generated many receiving addresses.

If the address containing your Bitcoin is far enough along the address chain, the restored wallet might need additional discovery or configuration before it finds that address.

This is wallet-specific.

It is not a universal Bitcoin rule.

If you generated many unused addresses, check the documentation for the specific wallet you are restoring.


7. WHAT SHOULD YOU CHECK IF YOUR WALLET SHOWS 0 BTC?

Do not panic.

Do not immediately create another wallet.

Do not enter your recovery phrase into a random website.

Do not send your recovery phrase to somebody offering recovery services.

Instead, work through the following checklist.

STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE ORIGINAL WALLET

Find the exact wallet software that created the original backup.

If possible, identify the wallet version as well.


STEP 2: FIND AN OLD RECEIVING ADDRESS

Look for an old transaction, payment record, screenshot, invoice, or address you previously used.

For example:

Code:

bc1q...

or:

Code:

1...

or:

Code:

3...

You do not need to reveal your recovery phrase to compare an address.

Never post your seed phrase or private keys on BitcoinTalk.


STEP 3: CHECK THE DERIVATION CONFIGURATION

Find out which derivation scheme the original wallet used.

Do not randomly change settings until a balance appears.

Use the documentation for the wallet involved.


STEP 4: CHECK WHETHER A BIP39 PASSPHRASE WAS USED

Ask yourself:

Did I use an additional BIP39 passphrase when creating the wallet?

If yes, the exact passphrase matters.

Capitalization matters.

Spaces matter.

Spelling matters.

One character changed means a different BIP39 seed.


STEP 5: CHECK THE SEED SYSTEM

Was the original wallet using BIP39?

Or was it using another seed system?

Do not assume every wallet interprets the same words in the same way.


STEP 6: COMPARE THE ADDRESSES

This is one of the most useful checks.

If you know an old address that received your Bitcoin, check whether the recovered wallet recognizes or generates that address.

If it does not, investigate the recovery configuration before assuming the Bitcoin is gone.


8. RECOVERY CHECKLIST

✓ Correct recovery phrase

✓ Correct original wallet software

✓ Correct seed standard

✓ Correct derivation scheme

✓ Correct script/address type

✓ Correct account

✓ Correct BIP39 passphrase, if one was used

✓ Correct address discovery settings, when relevant

✓ Old receiving address matches the recovered wallet


🚨 WHAT NOT TO DO

❌ Never post your recovery phrase.

❌ Never post your private keys.

❌ Never enter your seed into a random website.

❌ Never send your seed to somebody offering recovery help.

❌ Do not assume 0 BTC means the Bitcoin is gone.

❌ Do not randomly change wallet settings without understanding what they do.


💡 THE MAIN LESSON

The first question is:

"Do I have the correct recovery words?"

But there is another important question:

"Am I restoring the same wallet configuration?"

For a BIP39-based Bitcoin wallet, recovery involves more than entering the mnemonic.

Depending on the wallet, you might also need the correct:

• BIP39 passphrase
  
• Derivation scheme
  
• Script/address type
  
• Account
  
• Wallet-specific recovery method
  
• Address discovery settings
  

That is why a recovered wallet showing 0 BTC deserves investigation before you conclude that the funds are lost.

0 BTC DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY MEAN LOST BTC

Check the recovery configuration before assuming the worst.

Have you experienced this?

Have you ever restored a wallet with the correct recovery phrase but received different addresses or an empty balance?

What was the difference between the original wallet and the recovery wallet?

[CLARITY Act]

I've been following the CLARITY Act a bit more lately and I think this is one of those things that could be important for crypto, but probably not for the reason people expect. A lot of the discussion is about whether Bitcoin will pump if the bill passes, but honestly I don't think that's the main point. The bigger problem in the US has been the uncertainty around who is actually responsible for crypto, the SEC or the CFTC. The two agencies have already started giving clearer guidance this year, but legislation would make the rules more permanent instead of relying only on regulators changing their approach. The interesting part is what happens to the companies building in the US. If the rules become easier to understand, I could see more startups, exchanges and investors being willing to stay in the US instead of looking for another country. The SEC itself has said that clearer rules could reduce costs and encourage more activity and innovation in the US.

The next big test is the Senate vote expected on September 15. But this is important — it's not the final vote to make CLARITY law. It's a procedural vote that needs 60 votes to move the bill forward. Even if it passes that stage, there is still more work before anything becomes law.

This is where I think things get interesting. If the vote goes through, I don't expect BTC to suddenly go +20% just because of the news. But it could be a positive signal for the whole US crypto industry. If it fails or gets pushed back again, Bitcoin will probably survive just fine, but companies might not want to keep waiting forever. Senator Lummis has even warned that if the bill doesn't pass in the current Congress, the next serious opportunity could be years away. That's obviously a political prediction, not something guaranteed, but it shows how much pressure there is around getting this done now. Personally, I'm more interested in the long-term effect than the short-term BTC price. Clear rules are boring, but boring might actually be exactly what crypto needs at this stage.

What do you guys think? If CLARITY passes, does it actually change anything for Bitcoin, or is the real winner going to be the companies building around crypto?

Sources:

https://www.congress.gov/bill/119th-congress/house-bill/3633
https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/majority/chairman-scott-senate-banking-committee-advance-clarity-act-in-historic-bipartisan-vote
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr3633rs
https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/BILLS-119hr3633eh
https://www.lummis.senate.gov/press-releases/lummis-releases-updated-clarity-act-text/
https://www.banking.senate.gov/newsroom/majority/chairman-scott-leads-historic-markup-of-digital-asset-market-structure-legislation
https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2026-30-sec-clarifies-application-federal-securities-laws-crypto-assets
https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/9198-26
https://www.coindesk.com/opinion/2026/08/28/the-clarity-act-slipped-to-september-banks-are-building-anyway
https://www.reuters.com/legal/transactional/are-stablecoins-legitimizing-future-digital-asset-transactions--pracin-2026-09-03/

[Bitcoin ASIC Mining in 2026]

Bitcoin ASIC Mining in 2026

S21 XP vs S21 XP Hyd vs S23 XP Hyd

Bitcoin mining in 2026 is more competitive than ever. Electricity price, ASIC efficiency, cooling, uptime and purchase price can make a much bigger difference than simply choosing the miner with the highest TH/s.

This guide compares three important Bitmain Antminer models:

• Antminer S21 XP
• Antminer S21 XP Hyd
• Antminer S23 XP Hyd

The goal is not to claim that one machine is automatically profitable for everyone. The right choice depends heavily on electricity cost, infrastructure and purchase price.

1. Antminer S21 XP — 270 TH/s

Main specifications:

• Hashrate: 270 TH/s
• Power consumption: 3,645 W
• Efficiency: 13.5 J/TH
• Algorithm: SHA-256
• Coins: BTC / BCH / BSV
• Voltage: 220–277V AC
• Noise: approximately 76 dBA
• Cooling: Air cooled

The S21 XP is a powerful air-cooled ASIC and is considerably easier to deploy than hydro-cooled machines.

Main advantage: simplicity.

No water loop, pumps or specialized hydro infrastructure are required.

For smaller mining operations or miners who want a relatively straightforward installation, the S21 XP can be a practical option.

2. Antminer S21 XP Hyd — 473 TH/s

Main specifications:

• Hashrate: 473 TH/s
• Power consumption: 5,676 W
• Efficiency: 12 J/TH
• Algorithm: SHA-256
• Cooling: Hydro cooling
• Voltage: 380–415V AC
• Power system: 3-phase

Compared with the air-cooled S21 XP, the S21 XP Hyd provides substantially more hashrate while also improving efficiency.

Important: Hydro mining requires appropriate infrastructure.

This can include water circulation, heat removal and suitable electrical infrastructure. It is therefore more appropriate for professional mining farms than a simple home installation.

3. Antminer S23 XP Hyd — 600 TH/s

Main specifications:

• Hashrate: 600 TH/s
• Power consumption: 5,340 W
• Efficiency: 8.9 J/TH
• Algorithm: SHA-256
• Cooling: Hydro cooling

The S23 XP Hyd represents a newer generation of Bitcoin mining hardware and has a major efficiency advantage over the S21 generation.

Efficiency: approximately 8.9 J/TH

For large-scale professional mining operations where electricity is a major operating expense, efficiency can be more important than the initial miner price.

4. Quick Comparison

S21 XP

270 TH/s
3,645 W
13.5 J/TH
Air cooled
Best suited to simpler installations

S21 XP Hyd

473 TH/s
5,676 W
12 J/TH
Hydro cooled
Higher hashrate with improved efficiency

S23 XP Hyd

600 TH/s
5,340 W
8.9 J/TH
Hydro cooled
Best efficiency of these three

5. Electricity Cost — The Most Important Number

The S21 XP consumes approximately 3.645 kW continuously.

3.645 kW × 24 hours = approximately 87.48 kWh per day

That is approximately:

2,624 kWh per month

31,930 kWh per year

Estimated electricity cost:

At €0.05/kWh

• €4.37/day
• €131/month
• €1,597/year

At €0.08/kWh

• €7.00/day
• €210/month
• €2,555/year

At €0.10/kWh

• €8.75/day
• €262/month
• €3,193/year

At €0.15/kWh

• €13.12/day
• €394/month
• €4,790/year

These numbers are electricity costs only. They do not include pool fees, hardware cost, cooling infrastructure, maintenance, repairs, taxes or other operating expenses.

6. Why Efficiency Matters

Hashrate alone does not determine whether an ASIC is a good investment.

Machine A: 270 TH/s at 13.5 J/TH

Machine B: 600 TH/s at 8.9 J/TH

Machine B produces much more hashrate while requiring less power per terahash.

This is extremely important because electricity is usually one of the largest recurring costs in Bitcoin mining.

A miner with a higher purchase price can potentially make more sense if the electricity savings and additional mining revenue justify that higher capital cost.

7. ROI and Profitability

ASIC profitability changes constantly.

The main variables are:

• BTC price
• Bitcoin network difficulty
• Network hashrate
• Block subsidy
• Transaction fees
• Pool fees
• Electricity price
• ASIC purchase price
• Downtime
• Cooling costs
• Maintenance

For this reason, I would not use a single profitability number as a guarantee.

Before purchasing an ASIC, calculate:

Daily mining revenue − electricity − pool fees − other operating costs = estimated daily operating profit

Then:

ASIC purchase price ÷ estimated daily profit = simple payback period

This is only a basic estimate. Difficulty can increase and BTC price can move significantly, so actual ROI can be much shorter or much longer.

8. Air Cooling vs Hydro Cooling

Air cooled — S21 XP

Advantages:

• Easier installation
• No water loop
• Simpler maintenance
• Lower infrastructure requirements
• Suitable for smaller operations

Disadvantages:

• High noise
• Large amount of heat released into the room
• Requires strong ventilation
• Less efficient than newer hydro systems

Hydro cooled — S21 XP Hyd / S23 XP Hyd

Advantages:

• Better efficiency
• Excellent heat transfer
• Lower acoustic impact at the miner itself
• Better suited to dense professional mining environments

Disadvantages:

• More expensive infrastructure
• Requires pumps/cooling equipment
• More complicated installation
• Higher technical requirements

9. Which One Would I Choose?

There is no universal answer.

For a simpler setup:

The S21 XP is attractive because it is air cooled and easier to deploy.

For a professional hydro setup:

The S21 XP Hyd provides substantially more hashrate and better efficiency than the air-cooled S21 XP.

For maximum efficiency among these three:

The S23 XP Hyd is the strongest choice on paper because of its approximately 8.9 J/TH efficiency.

However, the purchase price and hydro infrastructure must be included in the ROI calculation.

10. Don't Forget the Electrical Infrastructure

A 3–6 kW ASIC is not a normal household appliance.

Before running an ASIC continuously, check:

• Electrical circuit capacity
• Correct voltage
• Breaker rating
• Cable sizing
• Connector and PDU ratings
• Ventilation/cooling
• Heat management
• Local electrical regulations

Hydro models can require three-phase electrical infrastructure.

Never assume that a normal household outlet is suitable for continuous ASIC mining.

11. Buying ASICs — Avoid Scams

This is one of the most important parts of buying mining hardware.

Before sending money:

• Verify the seller's website carefully
• Check the domain name letter-by-letter
• Prefer established manufacturers or reputable distributors
• Be suspicious of prices far below the market
• Never trust screenshots of "orders" as proof
• Verify company information
• Check independent reviews
• Ask for a real invoice
• Avoid pressure to pay immediately
• Be careful with cryptocurrency-only payments
• Never assume a Telegram/WhatsApp seller is legitimate

If a seller says "Bitmain authorized" — verify it independently.

Do not rely only on a logo, screenshot or message from the seller.

12. Important Reality Check

Bitcoin mining is not passive income.

ASIC miners:

• Consume electricity 24/7
• Generate significant heat
• Require maintenance
• Can become obsolete
• Are affected by increasing difficulty
• Depend heavily on BTC price
• Can lose profitability quickly when electricity prices are high

The most important number is often not TH/s.

J/TH + electricity price + purchase price + uptime

A miner with enormous hashrate can still be a bad investment if the electricity cost is too high.

Conclusion

The Antminer S21 XP remains an interesting air-cooled option because it offers high hashrate without the complexity of hydro cooling.

The S21 XP Hyd is a stronger professional option when hydro infrastructure is available.

The S23 XP Hyd takes efficiency to another level and is particularly interesting for large-scale mining operations where electricity efficiency has a major impact on long-term operating costs.

But there is no "best ASIC" for everyone.

The best miner is the one that makes sense after calculating:

Purchase price + electricity + cooling + fees + difficulty + expected uptime + realistic BTC assumptions.

Always run your own numbers before buying.

Official manufacturer: Bitmain

Official specifications should always be checked before purchase because hardware specifications, availability and pricing can change.

This post is for educational purposes only and is not financial advice. Bitcoin mining involves significant capital, operating costs and risk.

[you]

A small experiment in preserving a life that doesn't exist on paper anymore.

I was thinking about something strange the other day. Imagine it is the year 2076 and someone finds an old computer, hard drive or USB drive that belonged to you. Maybe they don't even know who you were. They plug it in and find thousands of photos, random documents, videos, screenshots and folders with names like "New Folder (7)".

Technically, your data survived.

But did you survive in any meaningful way?

That made me think about the difference between a backup and a digital time capsule. A backup is usually created because you don't want to lose something tomorrow. A time capsule is different. Its purpose is to make something understandable many years from now, when you are no longer around to explain it.

A backup preserves files. A time capsule preserves context.

For example, imagine finding a photo from 2026 showing three people sitting around a table. The image is perfectly preserved, but there is no name, no date, no explanation and no idea why that moment mattered. It is just another photograph.

Now imagine the same photo has a small text file next to it:

"This was taken in March 2026. These are my two closest friends. We had just spent six hours arguing about whether humans would still use smartphones in 2050. We were completely wrong about most things, but it was one of the best evenings I remember."

Suddenly the same photo means something completely different.

This is why I think a proper digital time capsule shouldn't just contain your "important" files. It should contain the small things that explain your life.

If I were making one today, I would probably start with something very simple:

START_HERE.txt

Then folders like:

01_PHOTOS
02_DOCUMENTS
03_VIDEOS
04_STORIES
05_HISTORY
06_INSTRUCTIONS
07_RANDOM_THINGS_I_DIDNT_WANT_TO_FORGET

That last folder might actually become the most interesting one.

People naturally think they should preserve achievements, important documents and professional work. But 50 years later, the things that seem completely insignificant today might be the most valuable. A screenshot of an old website. A ridiculous conversation with a friend. A picture of your room. The music you listened to every morning. A menu from your favorite restaurant. A video of what your neighborhood looked like.

Those things tell someone what everyday life actually felt like.

And there is another problem: too much data can be almost as bad as having none.

Most people already have thousands or tens of thousands of photos. If you gave someone 20,000 random photographs from your life, would they really understand you better? Probably not. They would spend hours looking at almost identical pictures and have no idea which ones mattered.

So here is a more interesting challenge:

If you could only preserve 100 files from your entire digital life, which 100 would you choose?

Not 10,000. Not 1 TB. Just 100 files.

Suddenly the decision becomes much harder.

Would you choose family photos? Your first job? A video of yourself talking? Old messages? A map of your hometown? Your favorite books? A recording of your voice? A photo of the place where you grew up?

And what about passwords?

This is where a time capsule can become dangerous if it is designed badly. I don't think a personal archive should simply contain every secret you have ever had. Instead, it should contain instructions explaining how things were stored and where important information can be recovered.

Never put Bitcoin seed phrases, private keys, passwords or other critical secrets into something you intend to share publicly.

The goal isn't to create a treasure chest for strangers. The goal is to create something that can be safely passed to the right person when necessary.

There is also the problem nobody likes talking about: storage doesn't last forever.

A hard drive can fail. A USB stick can disappear. A cloud account can be deleted. A website can shut down. A file format that is normal today might be completely unfamiliar decades from now.

So creating a time capsule isn't really a "save it once and forget about it" project. It is more like maintaining a small museum.

Every few years, you check the files. Open some of them. Make sure they aren't corrupted. Move them to newer storage if necessary. Keep common formats where possible. Make sure the instructions still make sense.

A backup you've never tested is basically a belief system.

If you can't open it, you don't really know that you have it.

The interesting part is that this idea doesn't require anything expensive. You could make a small archive today using a USB drive and a few carefully chosen files. You could make a second copy and store it somewhere else. You could even write a simple README explaining what everything is and why you decided to preserve it.

Maybe the archive would never be opened.

Maybe nobody would care.

But there is something strangely meaningful about knowing that, somewhere, a small piece of your ordinary life could still exist decades after you are gone.

Not your social media profile. Not your follower count. Not an algorithm deciding what people should remember about you.

Just a folder you created yourself, saying:

"This is what my life looked like from where I was standing."

And maybe that is the real purpose of a digital time capsule.

Not preserving data. Preserving meaning.

So I'm curious what others here would do.

If you had to create your own digital time capsule today, knowing that someone might open it in 2076, what are the first 10 files you would put inside?

[I've been thinking about stablecoins lately, but not from the usual trading perspective. Most people seem to talk about USDT or USDC as something you use to move money between exchanges, but I think there is a bigger economic question here. If someone lives in a country where the local currency loses value quickly, holding dollars through a bank isn't always simple. There can be restrictions, expensive conversion fees, limits on foreign currency accounts, or simply not enough access to banking services. A stablecoin can sometimes give that person access to something much closer to a digital dollar without needing the same traditional infrastructure. That makes me wonder whether stablecoins are slowly becoming a form of savings for some people rather than just a tool for crypto traders. From an economic point of view, this could become pretty important. If people start holding more of their savings in dollar-backed stablecoins instead of their local currency, demand for the local currency can decrease. In countries with already weak currencies, that could potentially make the problem even worse. At the same time, I can understand why someone would do it. If your salary is paid in a currency that loses 20% or 30% of its purchasing power over a relatively short period, keeping at least part of your savings in a dollar-denominated asset seems rational. There is also an interesting difference between Bitcoin and stablecoins here. Bitcoin is volatile, so it isn't necessarily useful when your main goal is simply protecting the value of your savings over the next few months. A stablecoin doesn't have that price volatility against the US dollar, so for someone dealing with local inflation it can be a much simpler choice. This makes me wonder if the biggest economic impact of crypto in some countries might actually come from stablecoins rather than Bitcoin. Maybe the important adoption metric isn't how many people are buying BTC. Maybe it's how many people are quietly using digital dollars because their own currency isn't doing its job.

I'm curious what others think about this. Do stablecoins represent genuine competition for traditional banking and local currencies, or are they still mostly a temporary tool for the crypto market? And if stablecoin adoption keeps growing in countries with high inflation, could governments eventually see it as a much bigger economic issue than Bitcoin itself?

[VODIČ: Porez na kriptovalute u Hrvatskoj za 2026. godinu (FIFO i pravila prijave)]

VODIČ: Porez na kriptovalute u Hrvatskoj za 2026. godinu (FIFO i pravila prijave)


Pozdrav ekipa,

S obzirom na to da se zakonska regulativa i nadzor nad kriptovalutama u Hrvatskoj i EU (pogotovo kroz uvođenje strožih standarda izvještavanja) sve više stežu, primijetio sam da u našem lokalnom podforumu i dalje ima dosta upita oko poreza na kapitalne dobitke.

Kako bismo u ovoj 2026. godini izbjegli nesporazume s Poreznom upravom, odlučio sam sumirati ključna pravila, fiksne porezne stope te FIFO metodu obračuna.


⚠️ ISPRAVKA / UPDATE – JOPPD I KRIPTOVALUTE

Nakon dodatne provjere aktualnih propisa i službenih objava Porezne uprave, napravio sam ispravku dijela vodiča koji se odnosi na JOPPD.

❌ ISPRAVKA JOPPD ŠIFRI

U prvotnoj verziji vodiča pogrešno sam naveo 0501/0505 kao oznake za kripto kapitalne dobitke. To nije ispravno i taj dio povlačim.

Za kapitalni dobitak aktualni JOPPD šifrarnik navodi:

6.1 = 1001 – stjecatelj primitka od kojega se utvrđuje dohodak od kapitala

6.2 = 1006 – primitak od kojega se utvrđuje dohodak od kapitala po osnovi kapitalnih dobitaka.

Napomena za neoporezivi kripto dobitak:

Kod službenog primjera Porezne uprave za neoporezivi kripto kapitalni dobitak nakon dvije godine, u JOPPD-u je prikazano:

6.1 = 0000
6.2 = 0000

Porezna uprava je također izričito potvrdila da se JOPPD podnosi i kada kripto kapitalni dobitak nije oporeziv zbog proteka više od dvije godine od stjecanja.

❗ 730 DANA

U prvotnom tekstu koristio sam formulaciju „točno 730 dana“.

To nije najbolja formulacija. Zakon govori o dvije godine od stjecanja, pa sam tekst uskladio s tom formulacijom.

📌 IZVORI KORIŠTENI PRI IZRADI VODIČA

Porezna uprava – mišljenje o oporezivanju trgovanja kriptoimovinom:
https://porezna-uprava.gov.hr/Misljenja/Detaljno/2335

Zakon o porezu na dohodak:
https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2016_12_115_2525.html

Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o porezu na dohodak – NN 114/2023:
https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2023_10_114_1609.html

📌 DODATNO PROVJERENI SLUŽBENI IZVORI

Porezna uprava – primjer JOPPD-a za trgovanje kriptoimovinom (2026.):
https://porezna-uprava.gov.hr/hr/primjer-podnosenja-obrasca-joppd-za-primitke-po-osnovi-trgovanja-kriptoimovinom/8342

Porezna uprava – službeni JOPPD primjer za neoporezivi kripto dobitak (PDF):
JOPPD – kriptovalute, neoporezivo

Aktualni JOPPD šifrarnik – NN 16/2025:
https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2025_01_16_148.html

Izmjene Pravilnika koje vrijede od 1.1.2026. – NN 157/2025:
https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/full/2025_12_157_2365.html

DAC8 – Europska komisija:
https://taxation-customs.ec.europa.eu/taxation/tax-transparency-cooperation/administrative-co-operation-and-mutual-assistance/directive-administrative-cooperation-dac/dac8_en

Ovaj update objavljujem kako bi vodič bio transparentan i usklađen s trenutno dostupnim službenim izvorima. Ako se pojavi nova službena uputa ili izmjena propisa, vodič ću ponovno ažurirati.


1. Aktualni porezni okvir u RH (Stanje za 2026.)
* Porezna stopa od 12% (Fiksno za cijelu RH): Za razliku od poreza na rad (gdje gradovi samostalno propisuju stope), porez na kapitalne dobitke od trgovanja kriptovalutama iznosi fiksno 12% na razini cijele Hrvatske. Prirez je u potpunosti ukinut i integriran u stopu, tako da je ona jedinstvena bez obzira na to u kojem gradu živite.
* Pravilo 2 godine (Zadržavanje imovine): Ako kriptovalutu držite duže od 24 mjeseca (točno 730 dana) od trenutka stjecanja do trenutka prodaje, oslobođeni ste plaćanja poreza. Ključno je da i u tom slučaju morate imati čiste blockchain dokaze o držanju ako vas Porezna naknadno zatraži očitovanje.
* Crypto-to-Crypto zamjene: Trgovanje između različitih kriptovaluta (npr. BTC u ETH ili prebacivanje u stablecoine poput USDT/USDC) ne stvara poreznu obvezu. Porezna obveza nastaje tek u trenutku kada kriptovalutu zamijenite za fiat (EUR) ili kada njome izravno platite neku robu ili uslugu.


2. Kako funkcionira FIFO metoda? (Primjer iz 2026.)
Porezna uprava striktno propisuje korištenje FIFO (First-In, First-Out) metode. Prva kupljena količina smatra se prvom prodanom količinom.

Simulirani primjer za lakše praćenje formule:
* 15.01.2026. -> Kupili ste 0.5 BTC za 20.000 EUR (Prvi ulaz)
* 10.04.2026. -> Kupili ste još 0.5 BTC za 25.000 EUR (Drugi ulaz)
* 02.09.2026. (Danas) -> Odlučili ste unovčiti 0.5 BTC za 35.000 EUR (Prodaja)

Izračun porezne osnovice:
Iako ste na novčaniku imali ukupno 1 BTC, porezno se računa da ste prodali onih prvih 0.5 BTC kupljenih u siječnju.
* Ostvareni kapitalni dobitak: 35.000 EUR (prodajna cijena) - 20.000 EUR (nabavna cijena iz siječnja) = 15.000 EUR.
* Porez od 12% plaćate isključivo na razliku od 15.000 EUR. Preostalih 0.5 BTC u vašem portfelju zadržava nabavnu vrijednost od 25.000 EUR za buduće izračune.


3. Rokovi i predaja dokumentacije
* Svi dobici ostvareni tijekom ove kalendarske godine (2026.) prijavljuju se predajom JOPPD obrasca.
* Rok za podnošenje prijave i uplatu poreza je do 28. veljače 2027. godine.
* Prijava se najbrže rješava digitalno putem sustava e-Porezna, gdje prilažete specifikaciju transakcija. Napomena: Ako ste crypto držali duže od 2 godine i ostvarili neoporezivi dobitak, JOPPD obrazac niste dužni podnositi.


4. Na što posebno paziti u 2026.?
1. Automatizirana razmjena podataka (DAC8): Nemojte se oslanjati na to da domaća Porezna "ne vidi" strane mjenjačnice. S uvođenjem europskih direktiva o razmjeni podataka, uvid u transfer s centraliziranih mjenjačnica (CEX) na tekuće račune postaje rutinska stvar.
2. Precizan CSV izvoz: Standardni screenshotovi s aplikacija ne vrijede ništa. Izvlačite redovito CSV datoteke povijesti trgovanja (Trade History) s mjenjačnica jer se u slučaju revizije traže jasni vremenski pečati (timestamps).
3. Pravilno prebijanje gubitaka: Ako ste u 2026. imali loših trade-ova i ostvarili gubitak, obavezno ih unesite u računicu. Gubitak smanjuje ukupnu godišnju poreznu osnovicu, ali samo ako je sve uredno dokumentirano unutar iste kalendarske godine.

Za automatske kalkulacije i dalje su najbolja opcija provjereni crypto-tax alati (Koinly, CoinTracker i sl.), samo obavezno u postavkama ručno namjestite FIFO metodu i EUR kao primarnu valutu izračuna.

Kako vi stojite s vođenjem evidencije u ovoj godini? Radite li kalkulacije ručno u Excelu nakon svakog izlaza u fiat ili koristite plaćene softverske alate koji sami vuku API s mjenjačnica?

Odricanje odgovornosti: Tekst je informativnog karaktera i plod osobnog istraživanja javno dostupnih mišljenja Porezne uprave. Nije profesionalni porezni niti pravni savjet.

[?]

In considering the macroeconomic implications of widespread adoption of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies as mediums of exchange, it's essential to delve into multifaceted dynamics. Below are complex questions that are exploring various aspects of Bitcoin and crypto economics:


Given the increasing integration of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies into global financial systems, how might the interplay between traditional monetary policy mechanisms and the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies shape future economic paradigms?

Furthermore, with the emergence of programmable money and decentralized finance (DeFi) platforms, what are the potential ramifications on central banking functions, monetary policy transmission channels, and the efficacy of conventional tools such as interest rate adjustments and quantitative easing?

Additionally, considering the finite supply of Bitcoin and its deflationary nature, how might its status as a store of value impact consumption patterns, investment behavior, and macroeconomic stability in the long term, especially in contrast to traditional fiat currencies subject to inflationary pressures?

Moreover, as regulatory frameworks evolve to accommodate the maturation of the crypto ecosystem, how might differing regulatory approaches across jurisdictions influence market dynamics, investor sentiment, and the overall resilience of cryptocurrencies as alternative financial instruments?

Lastly, with the rise of tokenization enabling fractional ownership of assets and the potential for democratizing access to investment opportunities, how might this democratization reshape wealth distribution, asset allocation strategies, and the traditional power structures within financial markets and economies?


I just wanted to express my heartfelt gratitude in advance for tackling all of these complex questions. Your willingness to share your knowledge and expertise will be incredibly valuable to me my dear bitcointalk colleagues, and I'm truly thankful for your time and effort. Your insights will undoubtedly make a difference, and I can't wait to hear your thoughts. Thank you so much!

How might the emergence of quantum computing affect the security of Bitcoin and other blockchain networks, and what strategies could be employed to mitigate potential threats posed by quantum computers to the cryptographic foundations of these systems?

Thank you to all those who take the time to answer this question!

What innovative methods or technologies do you foresee emerging within the Bitcoin ecosystem over the next decade to enhance both its scalability and environmental sustainability, while maintaining its core principles of decentralization and security?

I truly appreciate your feedback!

In what ways do the historical narratives and cultural perceptions surrounding gold as a traditional store of value intersect with the emerging narrative and evolving cultural perception of Bitcoin as a digital store of value, and how might these intersections shape the future landscape of global wealth preservation?

Thank you for sharing your insights and perspectives!

It is interesting that the J.P. Morgan, BOA, and Citigroup came out with the news about the blockades for the credit cards users that are paying the cryptocurrencies with the same. I think that these days there will be more agreements and deals at private meetings in Davos.
That's why I'm not too optimistic about prices in the short term, but I do not underestimate Bitcoin and growth potential these days.

What are your opinions; will these next meetings resolute with the positive outcome for the credit card users?

You have two scenarios in the current situation on the market - that BTC goes a long way down or long way up.

If it falls too much, you'll "burn yourself" if you buy it at around 9K thinking it's going to grow now.
In case it grows significantly, you'll "burn yourself" when you sell it to around 11k thinking it's coming down.


These waves between 10 and 11 k must be repeated long enough to be able to conclude that you have correctly chosen the right time.

... certainly, it is not bad to ride "waves", but the final result is just written ... and there you realize that the "waves" are not easy to ride.
.

This text is one of the arguments against buying a crypto value ..

Namely, FIAT money has its own backbone, much more solid than bitcoin and that is the support of the central banks, regulation of the banks (provided security) and is supported by weapon industry if needed. If tomorrow bitcoin failed because of someone hacking the exchange, none of them would blink.
The beginning of the text is typical of doom porn.

Furthermore, bitcoin is used as a hedge towards the crisis as an auxiliary argument. Right now gold has that function. Calling on someone to come and say that the euro is not worth anything, nor is the dollar ... I do not know what to say.
The last who said it was underground - I mean Gaddafi and Saddam. Putin can not 'strengthen' because the Russian economy is of the size like - Spain.

Can you imagine that Spain is beginning to blackmail the EU and the US? I cannot!

The only one who can say 'no' to the dollar and the euro is China, and China will not do that because they are trading partners. Also, China has a lot of American bonds, so that financial assets would have been defective in its possession, as this would lead to war.
If China comes and says that the USD / EUR is worth nothing, then it will do so to replace it - Juan, and not with the bitcoin that is also banned in China anyway.

Could someone explain what's the purpose of the XRP token? When I use PayPal I don't first buy chips to operate their infrastructure for sending USD.
Say XRP has far lower fees than PayPal even with the fees for converting USD to XRP, instead of using PayPal and paying high fees, why not use PayRip 2.0 which will be using the Ripple network, with little fees? I'm not paying anyone in XRP after all, I'm paying in USD, so I'd rather go directly.

Dear community and DT1 or DT2 members I have recently gotten negative trust for my posting. Tell me how is it possible that I have been accepted into the Jetwin campaign by manager notaek immediately ( been there for 6 weeks until the pause of the fantastical campaign ). Currently, the manager Edwardard accepted me into the Graft signature campaign in 9. week amongst the big number of applications. I would like the revision of my score because I think it is made by a mistake on the misspelled word. Thank you in advance for the revision of my account. I'm trying to make some quality posts and I don't write the one-liner or no sense posts. I am taking the time to review the question and I am actually thinking about my sentences with which I am trying to answer the question the best way I can. I hardly disapprove that my posts are being called the shitposts. Thank you!

I've started to think about this lately since I've always been interested in geography.
It is clear to me that man can adapt practically to all climates, but I'm interested in what climate is most appropriate for the human body?
Logically, this would be somehow a Mediterranean climate, with warm summers and mild winters, but I'm really interested if there is some "scientific" data.