Well, let's figure out when the Ukrainians and the state of Ukraine appeared, and when Russia appeared. The name "Ukraine" first appeared in the Kyiv Chronicle in 1187. Then it either disappears or is used again, but it has been in constant use since Cossack times, that is, since the 16th-17th centuries.
“Ukraine” is one of the official names of the Cossack state, which arose after the uprising of Bohdan Khmelnitsky against Polish power in the middle of the 17th century (along with other names - Zaporozhye Army, Hetmanate, Little Russia). It is very important that in the Cossack chronicles of that time the word “Ukraine” means not just territory, but the fatherland, which requires the highest loyalty and which is a sacred duty to defend.
In the 18th century, as the Cossack state dissolved into the Russian Empire, the word “Ukraine” again disappeared from active political use. However, this name is preserved in folk culture (there are approximately 1,200 folk songs sung about Ukraine). It returns to politics and high culture in the 19th century, during the period of national revival. And in the 20th century it became generally accepted - the name of almost not a single state and even occupation entity on the territory of Ukraine in 1917–1991 could be done without it: Ukrainian People's Republic, Western Ukrainian People's Republic, Ukrainian State and even the Nazi Reichskommissariat “Ukraine”.

The Russian Empire, and then the Soviet Union, did everything to prevent Ukrainians from rising to the level of a nation, but to remain an ethnic group. A nation is not only political self-determination, but also the opportunity to create one’s own high culture in one’s native language. Therefore, the Ukrainian language was banned twice during the period of liberal reforms of Tsar Alexander II. During the Thaw, Khrushchev convinced Ukrainians and Belarusians that the faster they switched to Russian, the faster communism would be built. True, Gorbachev argued in private conversations that the Russification of Ukrainians was occurring naturally, because they themselves did not want their children to learn Ukrainian. At that time, mostly peasants spoke Ukrainian, and anyone who wanted to make a career in Soviet Ukraine had to switch to Russian.

The idea to call the Principality of Moscow the Russian Kingdom belongs to a descendant of Mamai from the Mongolian tribe of Kyiyat, known as Ivan IV Vasilyevich, nicknamed the Terrible.
The word “Russian” can have one application - as belonging to a territory, and not a people, which was then divided into Novgorodians and Pskovians (“we are Pskovites”), Suzdalians, and then Muscovites. Ivan the Terrible simply stole the name of Rus' when in 1547 the Grand Duke of Moscow was crowned Tsar and took the full title: “Great Sovereign, by the grace of God Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus', Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov, Ryazan, Tver, Yugorsk , Perm, Vyatsky, Bo(u)Lgarsky and others.” With the seizure of new lands, the names of the occupied territories were added - “Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan, Tsar of Siberia and ruler of all Northern countries.” Did Ivan the Terrible know about the existence of the Russian Kingdom (voivodeship) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth? He couldn’t help but know: his western neighbors and the once prosperous Kievan Rus did not give him peace.

In 1703, another Russian dictator, Peter I, built a new capital on the swamps, conducted several successful military campaigns, and in 1721 allowed himself to be called the titles of Emperor of All Russia and Father of the Fatherland. From that time on, “Russia”, “Russian”, “Russian” had not an ethnic, but a state designation. In fact, what a “Russian” second wife of Peter the Great is, in the modern patriotic understanding, Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya-Kruse, the mother of Empress Elizabeth. What kind of “Russian” emperor was Karl Peter Ulrich von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf, Peter III. Then Catherine II, née Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg. Literally until the last Tsar Nicholas II, there was more German blood in the blood of the Russian imperial house than the mythical “Russian”.

Manipulation of historical facts is an old Russian hobby. Once you lie, you have to lie constantly, inventing a story that takes the Russians’ breath away. It’s just that in others she evokes laughter and pity.

https://nv.ua/opinion/nastojashchaja-rus-o-chem-bojatsja-vspominat-rossijane-69010.html

Well, we can even agree with this statement of yours, if we consider that these are territories in which, back in the 9th-12th centuries, the then powerful state of Kievan Rus, with its center in Kyiv, was located. The possessions of Kievan Rus extended to almost the entire European territory of the current Russian Federation, including Moscow itself, which was then still a small village and belonged to the Kyiv prince Yuri Dolgoruky. Therefore, in this regard, Ukrainians can consider themselves descendants of Kievan Rus, that is, Russians.

And Russia arose only during the time of Tsar Peter the Great at the beginning of the 18th century. Before this, it was first conquered by the Mongol-Tatars for three hundred years, and then became the Muscovite kingdom or Muscovy and has nothing to do with Rus'. Therefore, Ukrainians can be considered Russians at the same time, but current Russians cannot be considered Russians. The aggressive genes of the Mongol-Tatars of present-day Muscovy still periodically manifest themselves in the fact that the Russian horde periodically attacks its neighbors.

Why should Ukraine, when choosing its foreign policy course and global security system, take into account the opinion of Putin or another ruler of Russia? Ukraine's mistake was that it was too trusting. Under guarantees from Russia and other countries of non-aggression and assistance, Ukraine abandoned the world's third most powerful nuclear weapon, and even transferred its military aircraft, missiles and other weapons to the same Russia. The production capacity in Ukraine is sufficient to produce any weapons ourselves and not ask for them from others, as now, when Ukraine was deceived by the same Russia.

To refrain from resisting with weapons means complete capitulation and the cessation of existence as an independent state and Ukrainians as a nation. And this also means harsh terror in the occupied territories with further massive and constant killings of Ukrainians using various methods. No thanks. Ukraine will continue to resist with or without the help of the United States and other states.

Indeed, payments in rubles to the relatives of those killed and wounded in the war in Ukraine cost Putin nothing. This costs the Russian people, who die en masse for the imperial ambitions of their Fuhrer. However, it is worth noting that mass printing of rubles will sharply increase inflation.

The Russian authorities included in the draft state budget for 2024 payments for the families of military personnel killed in Ukraine based on approximately 100 thousand dead. This follows from the calculations of the publication “We Can Explain,” which studied the draft federal budget for 2024-2026.

As the publication notes, in addition to one-time insurance payments for the deceased, relatives also receive monthly compensation. This year it is 21,922.12 rubles.

To support the families of those injured and disabled, as well as compensation to the families of the dead, the draft budget allocated more than 16 billion rubles, of which more than 5.2 billion are for monthly payments for dead military personnel. This means that the budget provides funds for payments for approximately 240 thousand people.
https://www.sibreal.org/a/v-byudzhete-rf-zalozhili-vyplaty-semyam-100-tysyach-pogibshih-na-voyne/32634866.html

In addition, Putin recently announced that family members of military personnel who died in a special operation in Ukraine will be paid an additional 5 million rubles. According to the law, he recalled, the families of deceased servicemen are paid compensation in the amount of 7 million 421 thousand rubles. The wounded will receive 2 million 968 thousand rubles provided by law, and an additional 3 million rubles.
https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5240237

Although, based on the fact that in Ukraine every day the irretrievable losses of the Russian occupiers amount to about a thousand people, compensation for the hundred thousand dead that is included in the budget for this year will clearly not be enough. Based on this, Russia calls up 30 thousand every month to fight in Ukraine to support this war. The senseless conveyor belt of death is working...

Meme coins play both a positive and negative role in the cryptocurrency market. Yes, they make cryptocurrencies a little frivolous and clog up blockchains. At the same time, they force developers to improve blockchains and increase their scalability. But the concept of usefulness and uselessness will still be decided by the market, as with all cryptocurrencies up to this time. Everything that is superfluous and unnecessary will disappear over time. Therefore, there is no point in worrying too much about this.

Well, let’s go over how much Russian tanks cost and how much they cost. The Russian publication Ferra.ru calculated how much their domestic Russian tanks cost.
So, the most common tanks in Russia are the T-72. Most of them were produced in the USSR in the latest modification of the T-72B. The T-72B3 is the most widespread of the Russian modernizations, which has reached standards “about T-90”. And this is especially noticeable in the T-72 B3 series of the 2016 model, because they already have Relikt dynamic protection, the V-92S2F diesel engine with 1130 horsepower, an improved gun stabilizer and a new generation of surveillance equipment. In 2016 prices, only replacing dynamic protection and installing a new engine (+ minor modifications such as improved tracks) on an existing tank cost Russia 16.6 million rubles per tank.

In total, the upgrade to the T-72B3 took place in three waves - 2011, 2014 and 2016. In 2013, modernization cost 22 million rubles, and on top of that 30 million for the overhaul of the tank itself. Total - 52 million rubles. There is no more detailed information about how much a complete update cost later in open sources.

What about the T-90 and its versions? There is more information here, but rather in terms of export prices. The most modern T-90M Breakthrough costs, on average, 300-330 million rubles.

It is known that for 2011-2013, the T-90A Vladimir cost its own army approximately 118 million rubles per unit. But it is obvious that today the situation is different. Since there are no more accurate data, the amount in the range of 200-250 million will not be far from the truth.
https://www.ferra.ru/review/techlife/russian-army-vehicles-price.htm

The export price of the Russian T-90AM tank per unit is 4.25-4.5 million dollars. It is created on the basis of the T-90 and is equipped with a 125-mm 2A46M-5 cannon with the ability to launch anti-tank missiles, a 7.62-mm coaxial machine gun, 12.7 -mm remote controlled machine gun. The thickness of the frontal armor reaches 700 mm, and it is complemented by an active protection complex.

Content source: https://naukatehnika.com/rejting-osnovnyh-boevyh-tankov-po-ih-stoimosti.html
naukatehnika.com

The Russian Lada car has a cost of approximately 1.2 to 1.6 million rubles for the Russian population. Is it worth comparing its price with tanks, if only the modernization of the relatively new T-72 tank costs the Russian budget from 16 to 52 million rubles?
https://www.avtomobiltlt.ru/ceny.html

The American company RocketStar has already announced the creation of a new ion engine that includes thermonuclear fusion. The new engine will be used in missions to orbit later this year and uses water as fuel. But this nuclear fusion is different from the process of releasing huge amounts of energy through the fusion of hydrogen into helium, which occurs on the Sun.

RocketStar uses its version of neutronless fusion in its FireStar Drive engine. This is a pulsed plasma engine with advanced thermonuclear fusion technology, which uses water mixed with boron as fuel.

The operating principle of the engine is as follows: when a collision of water molecules and boron atoms occurs, the former disintegrate and protons are released at high speed. The protons then collide with boron atoms and fuse to form the highly unstable molecule carbon-12. It decays almost immediately into alpha particles and a beryllium nucleus, which in turn quickly decays into more alpha particles. After this, energy is released, which increases thrust by 50%.
It is predicted that with the help of such an engine it will be possible to travel to other stars.

https://focus.ua/technologies/636022-sozdan-kosmicheskiy-dvigatel-na-termoyadernom-sinteze-on-uzhe-gotov-k-poletu-foto

Over the course of a year and a half, according to Forbes calculations, Russia spent about $167.3 billion on the war with Ukraine.
The largest expenditure items are: support for military operations ($51.3 billion), military salaries ($35.1 billion), compensation to the families of the dead ($25.6 billion) and wounded ($21 billion) and the cost of destroyed equipment ($34 billion). This estimate does not include fixed non-military defense expenditures. It also does not include the economic losses of the aggressor country.

Every day, Russia spends about $300 million a day on the war with Ukraine. The Russian budget spent more in January–June 2023 than it planned to spend in the entire 2023. In Russia itself, rich in oil and gas due to the merciless exploitation of the indigenous peoples of Siberia and the Far East, where these deposits of natural resources are located, many settlements still remain ungasified, roads have been an eternal problem for many centuries, the living conditions of Russians in the outback, sometimes it is still at the level of the Middle Ages, but there they allow colossal amounts of money to be spent on killing their neighbors every day and for more than two years.

  Despite this, Russia is doubling its military budget and rapidly rushing into the economic abyss. Well, it's their choice.

https://forbes.ua/ru/war-in-ukraine/za-pivtora-roku-rosiya-vitratila-na-viynu-z-ukrainoyu-blizko-1673-mlrd-z-nikh-tilki-tekhniki-na- ponad-34-mlrd-rozrakhunki-forbes-16092023-16050

On March 15-17, the next presidential elections were held in Russia. And although the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation announced that 87 percent of the country’s population voted for Putin, analysts agree that the real figure is still somewhere around 47 percent. That is, almost half of the Russian population voted for the international criminal Putin, who is wanted by the International Criminal Court in The Hague. The people of Russia continue to choose war in Ukraine and daily shelling of the territory and its settlements. Therefore, responsibility for the massacres in Ukraine lies not only with Putin and his entourage, but also with the entire Russian people.

I understand that this is ordinary Russian propaganda. But not to the same extent. Ukraine has already concluded five contracts with Western arms manufacturers, within the framework of which 5 joint defense enterprises were created in Ukraine.
https://hromadske.ua/ru/posts/ukraina-sovmestno-s-partnerami-sozdala-pyat-predpriyatij-po-proizvodstvu-oruzhiya-v-dalnejshem-takovyh-budet-desyatki-premer

Also, some defense companies, such as three French companies, are planning to expand weapons production in Ukraine.
https://www.epravda.com.ua/rus/news/2024/03/8/710930/

But Ukraine itself produces and even sells various weapons and military equipment for export on the world market. In the period 2005-2014 alone, Ukraine sold 202 aircraft, 232 helicopters, 714 infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, 832 tanks, more than 28 thousand units of missiles and artillery weapons, more than 1.8 million units of small arms, etc.
https://www.epravda.com.ua/rus/publications/2020/10/28/666682/

The anti-tank systems "Corsar" and "Stugna-P" (export name "Skif"), as well as other high-precision ammunition from the state design bureau "Luch", have proven themselves well on the world market. And the quality of the Ukrainian anti-ship missiles “Neptune” has already been very well tested by the Russian Black Sea Fleet, which has already decreased by more than a third during the years of the war with Ukraine.
Recently, the number of various defense enterprises in Ukraine has increased sharply due to the needs of the front.

In my opinion, it is no longer a secret that many Western politicians and media have been bought by Russia. Therefore, what some politicians say there and the media write may also not correspond to reality.
I have used and will continue to use the official information of my country, Ukraine. It is in Russia that all news information is completely distorted. There you can’t even say the word “war” out loud, which has been going on for three years now between Ukraine and Russia. For this you can go to prison for a long time. Having attacked Ukraine for the tenth year, everyone there is trying to convince their citizens that it was Ukraine that attacked Russia, and Russia, it turns out, is only defending itself.

Regarding how the Ukrainian Armed Forces calculate the losses of the Russian occupiers, I would like to know the source of your words on this matter.

In Russia they can write whatever they want into their Constitution about their territorial conquests of other states. Not a single civilized state takes this seriously and will not recognize it.

Moreover, Russia no longer dominates the Black Sea. The remnants of its Black Sea Fleet are hiding away from Ukraine's maritime surface drones and its Neptune anti-ship missiles.
So, only recently, on March 24, the Ukrainian Armed Forces attacked the port of Sevastopol and damaged the large landing ships Yamal and Azov and Konstantin Olshansky, and also successfully defeated the reconnaissance ship Ivan Khurs. Russia has moved most of its ships either to Novorossiysk or to its other ports away from the Crimean peninsula. And everything that is located near the Crimean peninsula is being actively destroyed by the Ukrainian Armed Forces.

Russia will not be able to hold the south of Ukraine for long. First of all, because ammunition and everything else have to be delivered 700-800 kilometers and this entire route is under fire from the Ukrainian Armed Forces. It is difficult for Ukraine to maintain control of the east; there are direct supplies for the front from Russian territory. And the Black Sea and Azov coasts will soon be liberated by Ukraine.

The paradox is that global climate change will disproportionately affect poor countries that already live in hot climates.
According to grim new estimates, in the current century alone, about one billion people will die from various disasters caused by global warming, most of whom are poor and residents of the southern countries of the world.
Scientists argue that we must take decisive action on energy policy to radically curb carbon emissions.

In addition, we still do not have sufficiently efficient technologies to absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The few plants currently operating are capable of absorbing such a meager amount of pollutant that it is literally unnoticeable in the overall gigantic scale of emissions. The US is going to build several new and much more powerful plants to collect carbon dioxide for $1.2 billion, but this will take a long time and still will not be enough to neutralize all the volumes that even the country itself emits, not to mention everything else world. In addition, there remains methane, which has a much worse impact on the planet than CO2, and we still have no solution for it.

Today we have several agreements between countries aimed at reducing carbon emissions. But this is not to say that they are very successful. Moreover, not all countries take part in them.
It seems that humanity has once again outwitted itself and is confidently marching towards the abyss...

Do not forget that this is the third year of a rather bloody and brutal war. Ukraine was attacked by enemy forces that were many times superior in everything, and above all in human resources. I can neither confirm nor deny the facts presented in the article that are happening in this village of Makiv in southwestern Ukraine. Events may be distorted, but somewhere there may well be excesses with mobilization. Approximately the same state of affairs is occurring in the occupied territory of Donbass and Luhansk region. They have been writing there for a long time that there is practically no male population left. The Russians have already forcibly mobilized absolutely everyone they can and the populated areas are practically empty. But not all is well with human resources in Russia itself. During the war, the irretrievable losses of Russians range from 350 thousand people according to the United States to 433 thousand according to the Armed Forces of Ukraine and about 505 thousand according to the data reported by the Russian Ministry of Defense to the Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation Patrushev.

But the Russian occupiers, immediately after the elections in the Russian Federation, plan to mobilize another 300 thousand people in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. Criminal order No. 124 of 03/06/2024 “On additional conscription of citizens for military service by mobilization” on illegal conscription into the ranks of the Russian Federation has already been issued and comes into force on March 25. They will continue to be thrown as “live meat” in front of the Russian troops and thus clear the occupied areas of the Russian-speaking population, which they came, as it were, to defend from the mythical “Banderaites.”

https://informator.ua/ru/rossiya-gotovit-novuyu-volnu-prinuditelnoy-mobilizacii-na-tot-na-front-brosyat-eshche-300-tysyach-chelovek

There are so many contradictions and incorrectly stated facts in one paragraph. Let me start with the fact that the Soviet Union never renounced its territories. I don't know where you got this from.

From your statements it is also clear that the Berlin Wall was the border of the USSR, which is also incorrect. The Berlin Wall separated the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany, into which Nazi Germany was divided after its defeat. But neither the GDR nor the FRG were ever part of the USSR.

Ukraine was part of the USSR, that is, one of 15 republics, and was forcibly included in it after the conquest of its territory by the Bolsheviks led by Lenin. The USSR was actually a prison of peoples, from which they had no opportunity to leave, although such a right was declared in the absence of real mechanisms for such an exit.

Was Putin ready for negotiations in the first days of the war? That is, in the first days of the attack on Ukraine? Then why was it necessary to attack? It is obvious here that these were not negotiations, but an ultimatum to surrender the interests of Ukraine, and such ultimatums have been put forward by Putin to this day. But now he still wants the conquered territories of Ukraine to remain with Russia.

If there is a war, it will most likely be between China and the United States. This depends on many factors, including the conditions for the end of the Russian-Ukrainian war. But we see that these states are trying not to create hotbeds of tension and are finding ways of contact and even concessions to each other. A war between them is possible when China decides to take over Taiwan.

A war between China and India is generally unlikely. Between these countries with the largest population there are not such big conflicts as to throw into battle, if not billions, then tens and hundreds of millions of their soldiers and mobilized ones. Moreover, now war is more technologically advanced and very expensive. This was shown by the practice of Russia's attack on Ukraine. They must understand that having started a war among themselves, as in the case of a possible war between the United States and China, they will certainly eventually come out of it exhausted and their competitors will take advantage of this.

Ukraine can become a member of the European Union faster than you think.
Ukraine has been a participant in the European Union's Eastern Partnership program since 2009. In 2014, Ukraine and the European Union signed an Association Agreement, replacing the previous Partnership and Cooperation Agreement between the European Communities and Ukraine.
February 28, 2022. Ukraine has officially applied for EU membership. A day earlier, a number of heads of European countries spoke out in support of integration with Ukraine.

On March 1, 2022, the European Parliament recommended granting Ukraine the status of a candidate country for accession to the EU.

On June 17, 2022, the European Commission supported a resolution granting Ukraine candidate status for accession to the EU.

On 23 June 2022, the European Parliament overwhelmingly adopted a resolution supporting EU candidate status for Ukraine, and the Council of the European Union awarded Ukraine EU candidate status.

On December 14, 2023, the Council of the European Union decided to begin negotiations on Ukraine's accession to the European Union.

Currently, countries such as Algeria, Chile, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, South Africa, Syria, and Tunisia are at the first stage of joining the European Union. Most of the listed countries have low chances of becoming members of the European Union for various reasons, both because they are not European countries and for other economic, social and political reasons.

Kosovo is currently in the third stage.

Two countries are in the fourth stage: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia. They have candidate status for EU membership.

Ukraine is already at the fifth stage of joining the EU together with North Macedonia, Albania, Turkey, Serbia, Moldova and Montenegro.

Of course, in general, there will be limits to Bitcoin price growth. It will not be able to grow in price indefinitely, because the general economic laws of the market will also apply to it. The ratio of supply and demand leads to its price increase, but this same ratio will necessarily lead to its further price decrease. Will we see a Bitcoin price of one million dollars? Of course, this primarily depends on how many investors will risk buying it at such a high price to support its further growth. But here you need to take into account the high price volatility of Bitcoin. If the price rises very high and we assume it will fall after some time, and we will need to take into account that the price may not fall to the previous minimum, but even much lower, then the risk will be immeasurably greater. It seems to me that few people will be able to risk such significant amounts. That is, the higher Bitcoin rises in price, the greater the risk for investors. And no one knows yet what the limit of its price will be in numbers.

Opinions among forum participants regarding Bitcoin's price movement this year are, as always, varied, although generally optimistic as its price has risen since October, when the price was at $26,000 and reached the current $72,869. The current price situation is unusual due to the approval of Bitcoin ETFs and the continued demand for them. It is this demand that will determine further prices in the cryptocurrency market. Spot Ethereum ETFs may also be accepted in May. If this happens, prices will continue to rise. But logic dictates that there will be no strong increase in the price of Bitcoin before the end of the year. Only from the end of the year and next year the influence of the April halving should already be felt.

The use of oil, gas and coal as fuel over the past few centuries has led to the horrific consequences of climate change. While some are only wondering how difficult it will be to give up such fuel, we already have changes that in the future will definitely cause chaos, millions of deaths, an increase in the number of destructive natural disasters, tens and hundreds of millions of refugees.

  Thus, on March 11, many temperature records were set throughout Africa. Countries from Cameroon to Mauritius experienced unprecedented heat in March. Temperature records were broken in almost every country from north to south and from west to east.

Cameroon recorded a staggering 45.5°C - a new national record for the hottest day in March. The temperature in Ghana reached +43.8 °C, which also became a national record for March. In Niger, monthly records were broken at almost all monitoring stations: temperatures rose to +45 °C
  Burkina Faso also recorded monthly highs across the country.
Mali recorded its hottest day on record, with temperatures in Bougouni reaching +44°C, while Comoros also recorded its hottest day on record with a temperature of +36.1°C. Hundreds of records were also broken throughout South Africa, Namibia and Botswana.
https://vesti-ua.net/novosti/za-rubezhom/amp/246879-takogo-esche-ne-nablyudalos-zhara-v-afrike-pobila-vse-vozmozhnye-rekordy.html

It is no longer even clear whether we have passed the point of no return in terms of the fact that we will soon be recording territories where a person simply cannot exist without special protective suits. I wonder if suicidal people will then burn fossil fuels and continue to warm the planet?