As for the satoshis you received, this is called dust. The main purpose is to link your addresses together and reveal your wallet's structure. The attack is undiscriminated so you shouldn't feel directly targeted. It is easily mitigated: don't consume the dust UTXOs and avoid address reuse.
These addresses already have a balance on them. Sending them dust wouldn't aid in revealing the wallets structure unless they were previously used but now empty addresses.
Let me stress that you should listen to my advice and move your coins to a proper WO wallet. You should create that new wallet on an offline machine as well. Can't you put some old parts together to get something to boot a live Linux?
Yes you should do this. Keeping your wallet as a paper wallet like you are doing is generally a bad idea.