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高铁争夺战应引导到发展经济上
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Topic: 高铁争夺战应引导到发展经济上 (Read 327 times)
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高铁争夺战应引导到发展经济上
May 02, 2015, 02:16:05 AM
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近期,同处湖北省江汉平原腹地的荆州、荆门两市的关系有些紧张,因为同怀着希望高铁落户自家的愿望,这对兄弟城市间暗自爆发了民间“高铁争夺战”。
“高铁争夺战”,或谓之“争路运动”,远不自今日始。2009年,郑万高铁规划刚刚提出时,第一场博弈就是在湖北十堰和襄樊(现襄阳)之间展开。沪昆高铁规划制定时,湖南省邵阳市争取在市区设站,但在和相邻的娄底市的竞争中处在了下风,于是出现了奇怪的现象:十万邵阳群众高喊“争不到高铁,书记、市长下课”,为此不少政府官员“舍身拼命”。最终,沪昆高铁同时在娄底和邵阳设站。关于郑万高铁的另一场博弈在河南省的邓州和新野两个邻居之间展开,最终敲定的方案是在邓州新野中间设邓州东站方案,该站距邓州市区16公里,距新野城区仅有14公里,兼顾邓州新野两地。而各地为了争路,官民齐上,内外联动“优势牌”“悲情牌”轮番打出,“舆论战”、“攻关战”不一而足……
高铁争夺战背后的政治经济学并不复杂,在民众看来,高铁意味着便捷的交通,在地产商那里,高铁等于更高的房价,而对于地方政府和官员来说,高铁代表着显赫的政绩……
尽管民间的高铁争夺战发展到一定程度,都难免带有情绪化色彩,但其积极意义无论如何都不能完全抹杀。正是在各地舆论唇枪舌剑的这种表面的“紧张”之中,人们看到自由表达诉求的时代特色,高铁的规划和建设原就是公共话题,是众人之事,博弈实乃理之固然。讨论也好,争吵也罢,只要不走向极端,未尝不可以视为喜剧,而参与其中,对培育基层民众的公共意识也未必无益。
然而民情归民情,高铁的规划和建设又不能不讲求两点,即科学性和经济性。如果民间的高铁争夺战最终影响规划,从而提升了高铁建设的科学性和经济性,这种争论肯定有益,而且可以认为获得了一个好的结果。相反,如果因为民间的高铁争夺战使规划的改变降低了高铁建设的科学性和经济性,则不能不对此做出必要的反思。
从以往的争路实践来看,地方越来越强烈的声音的确影响了一部分高铁线路的走向和站点的设置,但多以牺牲经济性和科学性为代价。以邵阳和娄底的争夺为例,最终沪昆高铁同时在娄底和邵阳设站,但经过邵阳的车站是距离市中心70公里的邵阳北站,在邓州和新野的争夺中,最后兼顾邓州新野两地的折中方案也实在是太不经济了。
怎样看待愈演愈烈的高铁争夺战?有人建议上级政府运用行政力量把争论的声音“压制下去”,但这种来自行政的压制只可能使暗流更加汹涌。任何时候舆情需要的都是引导而非压制,在愈演愈烈的高铁争夺战中,最重要的应该是引导人们客观看待高铁对地方经济的促进作用。
毫无疑问,高铁对地方经济会产生一定的助力,但这种助力有多大,应当看地方的基础如何。仔细审视就会发现,高铁时代特别成功的城市都有一些相同的特点,即当地经济具备一定实力,高铁交通接驳能力强,与城市圈交通融为一体,当地的都市圈发展具有协同效应。假若地方的经济基础薄弱,又缺乏相应的人文资源,在引进高铁之后,一旦没有从本地特点出发迅速抓住机遇,它原本拥有的优势如便宜的劳动力反而可能被高铁吸走。
国家发改委综合运输研究所研究员董焰表示,“不是所有地区都适合建高铁站,一些人口少、经济弱的地区高铁项目几十年也收不回成本,得不偿失。”媒体报道,内地一些“高铁新城”有成为“鬼城”的危险,正是对这一观点的佐证。
高铁争夺战不是坏事,如果能更进一步,把争夺高铁的虚火引导到发展经济的内功上,则幸莫大焉。
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