If you use bitcoin-qt you can use the command line.
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Running_Bitcoin#Command-line_argumentsMost clients have a version. With the interface you can find the console under ->Help. You can also launch a server:
bitcoind -server
and then use bitcoin-cli
The commands you want are:
bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction HASH
(gets hexadecimal byte sequence in hexadecimal)
bitcoin-cli getrawtransaction HASH 1
(gets the JSON-parsed version)
bitcoin-cli getrawmempool
(gives the mempool at your local node)
If you access the console from bitcoin-qt, drop bitcoin-cli.
You can also find an online mempool explorer in:
http://webbtc.com/mempool