I read somewhere that I need to make sure port 8333 needs to be open, but I haven'e changed anything about the router.
Perhaps your Windows "firewall" is not letting the app communicate? It should automatically connect out and discover peers so if that isn't happening then check your operating system first, then the router next.
You could try to manually connect using telnet. Try to connect to an external node. If it times out without connecting, the problem isn't Bitoin then it is your o/s or network getting in the way.
Here's some nodes that you can try to connect to (not all necessarily will work but if more than a few are tried and you still can't connect, then the problem is on your end.)
-
http://blockchain.info/hub-nodes