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中国核反应堆技术实现突破:安全清除废料
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Topic: 中国核反应堆技术实现突破:安全清除废料 (Read 968 times)
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中国核反应堆技术实现突破:安全清除废料
November 06, 2015, 04:02:00 AM
#1
港媒称,中国科学家离能够运行一个核反应堆而不产生链式反应又近了一步。这一方面可消除熔毁风险,另一方面可以更快、更安全地清除成堆的核废料。
中国军方近日公布了从其退役的091型核潜艇上拆解核反应堆的画面,图中为新固化桶吊装操作。
据香港《南华早报》网站11月4日报道,现今的所有反应堆都依靠链式反应,但链式反应有可能失控并导致大爆炸,1986年乌克兰的切尔诺贝利灾难就是这样发生的。链式反应还产生大量放射性废料,需要数百万年才能安全地生物降解。
报道称,中国的研究团队尝试用一种新办法来解决这两个问题,他们探索把质子束用于次临界反应堆。
核科学家几十年来一直梦想建造这样一个反应堆,但由于诸多科学难题,到目前为止这始终只是理论上的建构。
中国的研究团队使用外部高能质子束来促发和维持核裂变过程。其结果是,质子束一中断,核燃料就停止燃烧。这消除了链式反应的风险,目前的反应堆要用链式反应来维持核裂变。
此外,质子束在击中靶件后能以足够快的速度产生中子来消耗其他裂变材料,比如钍和商用反应堆产生的废弃物。这被誉为一个重要的核“废料处理”措施。
中国科学院高能物理研究所加速器驱动次临界洁净核能系统(ADS)项目的首席科学家潘卫民教授表示:“我们非常激动。我们解决了发动(反应堆)‘引擎’直接冷启动运行的难题。”
潘教授把生成质子束比作在大冷天发动一部旧汽车引擎,因为两者的困难不相上下。一旦启动,它的运行很平稳,但完成最初的“点火起飞”殊非易事。
为了顺利地“发动引擎”,中国的研究团队今年10月在北京成功进行了一次实验。根据中科院网站发布的消息,就技术而言,他们能够稳定加速超过10.4毫安流强的脉冲质子束至6.05兆电子伏特。
潘教授表示,这意味着他们能够实现最初的“点火起飞”来启动次临界反应堆。这一突破清除了妨碍建造这个迄今为止停留在纸上的反应堆的一大技术障碍。
“我们造了一个全新的核‘引擎’,”他说,“它还没有全速运转,但已经启动且运行稳定。”
从近来的技术发展步伐来看,潘教授表示,有信心在十年内建成新一代发电站。但其他中国研究人员声称,他的解决方案未必是最好的,因为还有别的新反应堆设计和方法。
次临界反应堆理念最早于20世纪50年代由美国物理学家欧内斯特·劳伦斯提出,在1984年诺贝尔物理学奖得主之一卡洛·鲁比亚的支持下引起全世界关注。
报道称,但事实证明,这是一块难啃的骨头。除了生成强大而稳定的质子束这个难题外,还有许多其他结构和机械方面的挑战有待征服。
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Re: 中国核反应堆技术实现突破:安全清除废料
November 06, 2015, 04:05:07 AM
#2
这点确实需要表扬的,罗斯福说过,日本人是世界上最厚颜无耻的民族,这点现在我是有感触的,中国现在的主力发电还是煤矿,福岛核泄漏日本人把核泄漏往海里排,核电站带来的经济效益他们尝了,却把污染推给全人类
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