OK, so upon learning that strangely, this command really isn't included, I've broken out a hex editor.
I made a backup of my backup wallet, and opened that. Searching through it for the ascii string of the address I want the key for - nothing.
So then I decided to search for the hex string of a public key I already know (because the GUI interface gave it to me). Predictably, it's there, so I decided to search around for the wallet format.
Here it is:
https://bitcoinarmory.com/wallet-format/So now it looks like my best bet is going to be to seek past all those bytes at the front of the file. Then from there, start looking for address entries.
...So if I don't get a byte value of 0x00, then seek to the 2 bytes that tells me how many bytes N is, then seek past that as well.
Each time I do get an address entry, seek past the first 156 bytes, then read 65 bytes, and also the 4 after it for the checksum. If the checksum passes OK, then hex decode the 130 bytes, that's my public key...
Then, using the method shown here:
https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Technical_background_of_version_1_Bitcoin_addresses if the address I create is the address I want the key for, then that's the key I want, if not keep searching through the file... Sheer laziness says if I've just created the address with getnewaddress, then it's likely to be the very last entry in the file, but tempted as I am, I'll avoid it because it's not guaranteed.
It sounds like quite a headache if I'm honest. So before I set about attempting to build that solution, does anyone have a better idea they'd like to share? Since Python's already not a language I'm familiar with, if I do take it on, I'll probably do it in C++ and then upload it in case anyone wants to translate it back into python.