How many people have records of how much BTC they bought and when? What documentation will the IRS accept?
With Mt. Gox, if I remember correctly for 2011 tax year the account holder could request that an IRS 1099-B report be generated for them.
That's good, I guess. Any idea how that works, more specifically? If you spent X USD over a year, at varying prices, and sold a portion of what you've bought, what will your buy-in price be counted as?
In other assets you either need to show proof of the exact unit being sold or they are treated first in, first out.
Now technically if you didn't use a shared wallet, and only sent funds to MtGox when you intended to sell the entire batch you could (through coin selection) choose which coins to sell and thus pick your basis. Not sure I would want to be the one trying to explain all that to the IRS for the first time so FIFO is likely your best bet.
FIFO - First In First Out.
Buy 100 BTC @ $5
Buy 100 BTC @ $7
Buy 100 BTC @ $9
Buy 100 BTC @ $11.
Sell 250 BTC for $13.
The Basis for the 250 BTC is (100*5 + 100*7 + 50*9)/250 = $6.60.
Gain is ($13.00 - $6.60) * 250 BTC = $1,600.
Note in any capital gain scenario good records are required. In the above example your remaining 150 BTC would be 50 BTC @ $9 and 100 BTC @ $11. You would need to keep a running tally of all purchases, date, and purchase prices, then all the sales and which (in order) basis they used.
The good news is there is software like gainskeeper which does all this for you in equity txs. If Bitcoin gets big enough I am sure they will add a BTC module.