Princeton University is offering Bitcoin courses through coursera. There are other universities beginning to offer Bitcoin courses too.
https://www.coursera.org/course/bitcointechAfter this course, you’ll know everything you need to be able to separate fact from fiction when reading claims about Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. You’ll have the conceptual foundations you need to engineer secure software that interacts with the Bitcoin network. And you’ll be able to integrate ideas from Bitcoin in your own projects.
If you feel a university course is over the top there are books like Mastering Bitcoin Unlocking Digital-Cryptocurrencies that you could study. Also you will find a wealth of information on bitcointalk if you search through the different forum boards.