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京华时报:政府采购何时能走出“拼关系”泥沼
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Topic: 京华时报:政府采购何时能走出“拼关系”泥沼 (Read 216 times)
snorkyyo
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京华时报:政府采购何时能走出“拼关系”泥沼
September 04, 2016, 04:52:34 PM
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利用大数据坐实“阳光采购”,制度设计增加保护供应商权重,完善行政与司法救济制度,再与其他程序改进相配合,政府采购就会慢慢走出“拼关系大于拼实力”的泥沼。
近日,有媒体记者在多地采访发现,政府采购中存在的“围标”“权钱交易”“利益输送”等问题并没有被彻底遏制,各种寻租手法不断翻新且愈加隐蔽。在政府采购所涉及的市场中,参与竞争的企业往往靠的并不是自身的实力,而是过硬的“关系”和能够吃透各类“潜规则”的“八面玲珑”。
公允地说,与前些年的乱象丛生相比,在法律法规供给逐步到位、反腐力度不断加大、招标制度日趋完善、采购信息透明化加快等条件下,政府采购过程中的不公平问题有所改善,相应纠纷也少了许多。但是,与那些政府采购制度推行过百年的国家相比,我国的政府采购制度落地才十数年,还处于“摸石头”阶段,问题在所难免。
在法律法规起步之初,地方政府采购公然违反《政府采购法》《招投标法》现象比比皆是,如不公开招投标、指定供应商、天价采购等等,到今天,明目张胆的违规少了,瞒天过海的现象多了,手段不断翻新更趋隐蔽。令人感慨的是,理论上再严格、再合理的“防火墙”,到了实操阶段,都会被轻易穿透。比如,招投标中规定参与竞标供应商的保底数量,旨在增加市场自由竞争,保证政府采购货比三家,做出最佳选择,防止强买强卖。可惜,“围标”一出现,这一制度设计便形同虚设。其他程序也大致如此,在聪明绝顶而又无视规则者眼中,化解只有难易之分,决无可否之别。
完善政府采购制度千头万绪,从专门的法律供给到采购流程再造,从采购专门机关设置到专业人员配备,从采购合同评审到效益审计,从事前、事中监督到事后监督……都有改进空间。在我看来,至少有两个方面需要加强、突破。一是“阳光采购”。互联网的大数据为“阳光采购”提供了技术可能,譬如建立起全程可溯的招投标信息平台,对采购进行电子化、台账化管理,一切利益相关者都可从中获得相关信息。审计部门与司法部门从中实现体制监督,普通公众与专业人士从中实现社会监督,供应商从中满足知情权。
二是保护供应商。目前世界上一些政府采购制度运行得比较好的国家,都十分重视保护供应商的权益,特别是在纠纷处理机制上,形成了一套比较完整的体制和制度。有的还设立行政法院,供应商若对政府采购过程中的违法行为不满,可以向法院提起诉讼。我国的政府采购制度更多向采购者倾斜,对供应商的保护稍显不足,别说行政救济的路难走,就算上了法庭,供应商的胜算也不大,这从这些年来的司法实践中不难看出。
利用大数据坐实“阳光采购”,制度设计增加保护供应商权重,完善行政与司法救济制度,再与其他程序改进相配合,政府采购就会慢慢走出“拼关系大于拼实力”的泥沼。
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京华时报:政府采购何时能走出“拼关系”泥沼
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