There are no "properties" of bitcoin addresses stored in the blockchain. As a matter of fact, there are no bitcoin addresses in the blockchain at all.
Bitcoin addresses are something that wallet software uses to make it easier for us humans to exchange information. They represent a script that the wallet uses when building a transaction. It is that script that is stored in the blockchain in transaction outputs.
So, rather than saying:
Please create a transaction output with a value of 0.5 which is encumbered with a script that requires an ECDSA signature of the spending transaction be presented which has been calculated from the private key that is associated with the compressed public key that hashes to a hexadecimal value of E83C3081AAF0DDC70B187D92DAF00AB96C154B12 when hashed first with SHA256 and then with RIPEMD160.
You can simply say:
Please send 0.5 BTC to 1NAwsYVU1r6vcUvxrCxPMvQJH9QCsBHC4c
Both of those quotes mean the same thing. The wallet software is designed to understand how to convert from the "address" to the proper script.
Now, what you can do is store additional information in the transactions that you create. It is possible to create a transaction that has 2 outputs. One output can receive the bitcoins that were used to fund the transaction with an address related bitcoin script, and the other output can receive 0 bitcoins and store up to 80 bytes of information.
By using this data storing mechanism, it would be possible to send a very small amount of bitcoins to an address and store some data in the blockchain. There is no standard method for doing this, or for interpreting the information stored. Bitcoin just sees an arbitrary 80 bytes in a transaction output and doesn't know anything about what that data is meant to represent. You would have to create your own proprietary software that would make its own decisions about how to encode information into those 80 bytes.