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限购限行之后,他们又想靠拥堵费来解决拥堵
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Topic: 限购限行之后,他们又想靠拥堵费来解决拥堵 (Read 181 times)
healtheworld
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限购限行之后,他们又想靠拥堵费来解决拥堵
September 13, 2016, 05:23:39 PM
#1
据交通运输部网站消息,交通运输部近日印发《城市公共交通“十三五”发展纲要》。《纲要》要求多举措缓解城市交通拥堵,适时研究推进城市交通拥堵收费政策,谨慎采取机动车限购、限行的“两限”政策,避免“两限”政策常态化。
近年来,为了解决拥堵,一些城市采取限购和限行。尽管在某种程度上,“两限”政策确实在减轻城市拥堵状况,但毕竟,这种行政调控方式并非治理交通拥堵的长久之计,不能常态化。
在依法治国的语境下,限行限购这样的临时性举措,最终需要退出。问题在于,如何退出?一旦退出,城市交通拥堵有可能再次加剧,那么替代方案是什么?
未来恐怕很多地方政府都会面临这样的两难选择。在此,我们需要防止的一种倾向就是,有的地方政府为了尽快让限行限购政策退出,而快速以征收拥堵费来作为政策替代。
征收拥堵费不是不能征收,但是,要廓清其法律地位,依法征收。拥堵费曾被当做解决城市拥堵的经济手段。这一办法通过提高用车成本,来抑制个人购车和开车的欲望,缓解交通压力。在国外也有成功案例,比如伦敦从2003年开始征收拥堵费,缓解了伦敦市中心长期以来交通拥堵的状况。
但一些城市的经验也表明,拥堵费长期征收之后,缓解交通拥堵的效果也在递减。所以,缓解城市交通拥堵,也不能单纯迷信经济手段,根本上还是要建立在诸如良好的城市公共交通服务等配套措施之上,鼓励人们减少开车出行。
在限行、限购政策替代的工具栏中,至少还有很多其他的选项。比如,我们目前城市的公共交通服务能力恐怕仍有待提高,轨道交通网的建设还需要更密,更便捷,一些主干线地铁的服务时间仍然需要延长等。
另外,如何利用新技术打造“互联网+公交”,推广智能公交,创新服务模式,也是公共交通部门的新课题。
同时,还要规范、充分发展网约车,给其合法身份。网约车作为“互联网+”的成功创新,不仅调动了大量闲置和未充分利用的汽车资源,节约了稀缺的道路资源,其价值还在于共享经济的特性,使得“所有权不再重要,使用权才最重要”,减少人们购车的欲望,将城市汽车资源与道路资源进行最优化配置,在一定程度上减少拥堵。
此外,就是鼓励市民绿色出行。按照《纲要》规划,地市级以上城市,要用5年左右时间实现绿色出行比例达到75%以上。这是个艰巨的任务,一个有效的办法可能是发展城市“自行车高速路”网络,比如北京和厦门等城市已就此进行规划和建设。在公众越来越主张健康、绿色出行的今天,将城市“自行车高速路”网建设纳入城市发展的重大战略,使出行方式多样化,将更有助于缓解城市拥堵状况。
如果,我们能够想方设法,通过各种方式让人们更多地乘坐公共交通工具出行,更乐于骑自行车出行,城市的交通和空气就会进入一种良性循环。当人们自愿放弃开车出行的时候,那么,限行限购等政策或许就已经自然失效。城市交通治理,我们不能用短期政策代替短期政策,而更应该以长远来代替临时。
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