First. I did not mean free as in free without paying for it. When I said "free" it means the payment hub is liquid so that it can be used by the users who decide to open a channel to that hub.
Ah. I thought you meant "free btc" in association with franky's reference to "milisats".
Meaning that those bitcoins are illusionary.
Second. That is just a speculation on what I think could happen. A small payment hub can only handle a smaller number if open channels because it has smaller "free" Bitcoins, while a larger one can handle more channels and is therefore more efficient because it can route more transactions from point A to point B. So users would then tend to go for larger hubs. So the result of this would be fewer larger hubs in operation.
So in modern society today, what institution has the most liquidity or "free capital". Banks.
When you are saying "free" bitcoins, you are really referring whether that hub operator has a
large (100s of btc) or a little (1 btc) amount of bitcoins locked in that specific hub for the escrow handoffs.
What you are saying about "larger hubs" is true in theory, but it is important to remember that systems like LN
are not meant for individual txs over a value of 50 to 100 USD or so, those should still remain on bitcoin blockchain.
LN allows for rapid and numerous micro txs that will allow Bitcoin to scale for small daily purchases, while still allowing
the underlying blockchain system to remain resistant to numerous pitfalls, attacks, regulations, and legal or governmental
enemies. In theory, the majority of LN channels should be opened and immediately closed since most tx will involve simple
purchases that don't need complex arbitration, such as a coffee, petrol, simple food shopping, and etc.
Also, if you have a LN hub (or multiple ones) and you are locking 100s of btc within it, that is potentially very
risky and it would be wiser to have many hubs with low amounts of btc locked within. Large hubs with large amount of btc,
which may have become "centralized" over time are a major point of failure. They will be prone to attack either for their btc or
outright ddosed to hurt that "large centralized" operator. IMO LN hubs or other types of "second layer bitcoin transaction system"
should be small to spread the risk over the whole LN network. Just like Bitcoin node operators.
If in the future banks become the major and largest LN hub operators, they will need to own large amounts of bitcoin.
Possibly even more than they can afford to purchase and attempt to make a profit from. It would be more reasonable if
everyone who has 10 btc or less to start up a hub, lock 2 btc into it and make a small fee here and there like an interest account.
When the LN hubs system is done and working properly and as "envisioned", bank "capital" will not be needed, just any bitcoin holder.
If banks are willing to purchase such large amount of btc, then they should also start exchanging and holding them within their
own "trusted" and government insured second layer systems (ex: like the coinbase's private ledger), and if they started doing that,
they won't need to be a LN hub, since Bitcoin would then be a legal form of tender throughout world financial systems.