There is something very similar to what you are asking for, it is called
multisig.
The 'ELI5' version of how multisig works is as follows:
*You create an address that can only spend funds sent it to when
m of [/i]n[/i] specific private keys sign a spending transaction
*You set both
m and [/i]n[/i] when you create this address
*You set up your address so that both
m and
n are two, so that one of your private keys is stored on your computer, and the other private key is stored on the device that you would use for 2FA
*Receive BTC to above address
*You now cannot spend any funds received to your address without both your computer, and the device that you designate to be used for 2FA 'approving' (signing) any transaction you wish to spend
I would note that it is always a best practice to have multiple backups of your private keys, in multiple locations and stored in multiple mediums of storage.