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最高法对婚姻法司法解释24条作出补充规定 虚假、非法债务不受保护
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Topic: 最高法对婚姻法司法解释24条作出补充规定 虚假、非法债务不受保护 (Read 168 times)
bsilvester1980
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最高法对婚姻法司法解释24条作出补充规定 虚假、非法债务不受保护
February 28, 2017, 03:32:03 AM
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根据这份补充规定,《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(二)》第二十四条新增两款,分别规定:夫妻一方与第三人串通,虚构债务,第三人主张权利的,人民法院不予支持;夫妻一方在从事赌新华社北京2月28日电(记者罗沙)最高人民法院28日公布《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(二)的补充规定》,针对司法实践中出现的涉及夫妻共同债务的新问题和新情况,强调虚假债务、非法债务不受法律保护。
博、吸毒等违法犯罪活动中所负债务,第三人主张权利的,人民法院不予支持。
最高人民法院同时下发了《最高人民法院关于依法妥善审理涉及夫妻债务案件有关问题的通知》,要求各级法院正确适用最高人民法院对婚姻法司法解释(二)作出的补充规定,在家事审判工作中正确处理夫妻债务,依法保护夫妻双方和债权人合法权益,维护交易安全,推进和谐健康诚信经济社会建设。
通知明确提出,未经审判程序,不得要求未举债的夫妻一方承担民事责任。在审理以夫妻一方名义举债的案件中,应当按照民诉法司法解释的相关规定,原则上应当传唤夫妻双方本人和案件其他当事人本人到庭,庭审中应当要求有关当事人和证人签署保证书。未具名举债一方不能提供证据,但能够提供证据线索的,人民法院应当根据当事人的申请进行调查取证。对伪造、隐藏、毁灭证据的要依法予以惩处。
通知规定,债权人主张夫妻一方所负债务为夫妻共同债务的,人民法院应当结合案件的具体情况,根据相关法律规定,结合当事人之间关系及其到庭情况、借贷金额、债权凭证、款项交付、当事人的经济能力、当地或者当事人之间的交易方式、交易习惯、当事人财产变动情况以及当事人陈述、证人证言等事实和因素,综合判断债务是否发生。
通知强调,要防止违反法律和司法解释规定,仅凭借条、借据等债权凭证就认定存在债务的简单做法。在当事人举证基础上,要注意依职权查明举债一方作出有悖常理的自认的真实性。
在区分合法债务和非法债务,对非法债务不予保护的基础上,该通知还明确提出,对债权人知道或者应当知道夫妻一方举债用于赌博、吸毒等违法犯罪活动而向其出借款项,不予法律保护;对夫妻一方以个人名义举债后用于个人违法犯罪活动,举债人就该债务主张按夫妻共同债务处理的,不予支持。
在相关案件执行工作方面,该通知提出,要树立生存权益高于债权的理念,对夫妻共同债务的执行涉及到夫妻双方的工资、住房等财产权益,甚至可能损害其基本生存权益的,应当保留夫妻双方及其所扶养家属的生活必需费用。执行夫妻名下住房时,应保障生活所必需的居住房屋,一般不得拍卖、变卖或抵债被执行人及其所扶养家属生活所必需的居住房屋。
通知同时强调,在处理夫妻债务案件时要坚持法治和德治相结合的原则。要制裁夫妻一方与第三人串通伪造债务的虚假诉讼,对涉嫌虚假诉讼等犯罪的,特别是虚构债务的犯罪,应依法将犯罪的线索、材料移送侦查机关。
最高人民法院有关负责人表示,最高人民法院将加大家事审判对下指导力度,就家事审判领域中出现的新情况、新问题统一裁判尺度。同时将积极配合相关立法工作,对婚姻家庭领域中的夫妻财产问题、夫妻债务等问题进行分析研判,更好指导各级人民法院依法妥善审理涉及夫妻债务案件。
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