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央行酝酿破题数字货币,专家称与比特币有根本区别
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央行酝酿破题数字货币,专家称与比特币有根本区别
March 25, 2017, 02:27:32 PM
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在数字支付时代,真正的数字货币距离我们越来越近。近日,中国央行已释放出推进数字货币的强烈信号:一方面,央行数字货币研究所预计将在不久后正式挂牌;另一方面,央行推动的基于区块链的数字票据交易平台也于近日测试成功。接受《经济参考报》记者采访的业内人士表示,相比传统货币而言,数字货币优势明显,推进数字货币将是一个技术和宏观政策相互互动和平衡的过程,但由于缺乏可借鉴的先例,因此可能会面临一定挑战。业内专家亦强调,数字货币与比特币等虚拟货币有根本区别。
什么是“数字货币”?奥纬咨询集团旗下公司Celent证券与投资高级分析师John Dwyer表示,所谓的“数字货币”,是当前法定货币的一种新载体。在数字货币时代,政府可以直接向个人账户注入流动性,无须借助商业银行。数字货币几乎可以即时结算,从而优化流动性,减少被繁杂结算流程套牢的资本和抵押品,并可大大降低交易对手风险。由于数字法定货币采用完全数字化的形式,监管机构可以更加清晰地了解和追踪资金在经济体中的具体流向,而这正是传统货币所不具备的。
花旗银行(中国)有限公司副行长裴奕根也表示,数字货币应用于支付结算(特别是跨境支付)除了能减少中间环节,还可以内置交易规则实现交易中自动结算,这些都有利于提高效率,减低成本。对于政府来说,数字货币有利于减少假币、降低发钞成本、防范洗钱和腐败、提供更好的信息和金融管理手段。
目前,加拿大银行、德意志联邦银行和新加坡金管局也正在对其数字货币进行测试。德勤亚太区投资管理行业领导合伙人秦谊表示,从全球范围看,推行数字货币是一个趋势,从成本效益角度看,数字货币具有优势。“央行发行数字货币首先要考虑应用的技术和要达到的效果;其次,要考量在不同的技术选项下,对整体监管、市场、发行渠道和流转渠道所产生的影响。这是一个技术和宏观政策相互互动和平衡的过程。”她说。
“现在不少人都把区块链与数字货币等同起来,其实这是两个概念。 做一个比喻,数字货币犹如交通工具,而区块链是基础设施,支持交通工具的运行。若支持货币发行的道路是泥泞大道,那上面只能跑马车。但如果升级成柏油路,就可以跑汽车;如果再升级为高铁轨道,就能跑高速列车。技术就是轨道,而轨道建成什么样决定了货币流转流通环节的效率。”秦谊说。
央行科技司司长李伟日前在接受媒体采访时表示,数字货币涉及分布式架构、密码技术、安全芯片、移动支付、可信计算等多种技术,而区块链技术仅是数字货币可选择的实现技术之一,未来是否应用于数字货币,取决于区块链技术在网络安全、业务处理性能、交易一致性等方面的不足能否得到解决,这有赖于产学研各方在其技术体系、应用框架等方面进行不懈的探索和完善。秦谊表示,从目前情况来看,区块链只是数字货币技术的备选方案之一,也就是说,数字货币不一定完全建立在区块链的基础架构上,其中很关键的一点就是,作为新技术,区块链尚未经历大规模商用试错的考验。她说,如果将区块链作为数字货币未来的基础架构,还需要进行大量的分析且需要消除隐含的诸多不确定性。
值得注意的是,数字货币和最近几年异常火爆的比特币有根本区别。秦谊强调,数字货币不是以比特币为代表的虚拟货币,它是国家发行的法定货币,所以将其定义为国家发行的数字法币更为明确。在过去六个月里,不少央行领导在不同场合声明,虚拟货币不可能取代或部分取代法币。
裴奕根也表示,现有的“比特币”这样的虚拟货币缺乏货币属性,因此不是真正的货币。这些虚拟货币网络主要为网络的经营者和货币持有者的利益服务,它们一般都设计有一个促进币值长期上升的机制,而人们一般会收藏能升值的“货币”而使用其他货币进行支付流通,同时虚拟货币又是用“币值”而不是面值进行交换,因而它们也就丧失了交易媒介和记账单位的功能。(经济参考报)
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