As you might notice from my sentence.. first few words indicated that I have researched it, but since I haven't found anything useful, I thought I'll ask for help.
And instead of asking it, it would have been very nice of you to point me to the right direction.
The word "sender" may be confusing. There are INPUTs and OUTPUTs in a transaction. You are asking how to know what were the INPUTs to your transacion.
Raw transactions API will give this info. Here's a thread on it:
As was pointed out, getrawtransaction <txid> 1 will do the decode for you.
So given a trasnsaction hashi, get the raw transaction then decode it to get the UTXOs used.
[Edit: And the typical disclaimer here ... payments from a hosted (shared) E-Wallet account will show an INPUT that is not for the same E-Wallet account as the party that sent the payment. That's why SatoshiDICE includes the warning about only using approved clients like Bitcoin-Qt/bitcoind, Multibit, blockchain.info/wallet, etc., and to not send from an exchange or hosted (E-Wallet) services.]