Define 'node'.. When you run the Bitcoin client, you are getting the same blockchain as everyone else. It is probably not doing anything special though.
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Actually...
It's receiving and relaying transactions and blocks acting as a conduit for both to work their way through the entire bitcoin network.
It's validating that every transaction it receives meets the protocol requirements before relaying it to peers.
It's validating that every block received meets the protocol requirements before adding that block to it's own copy of the blockchain and relaying it to peers.