Here's how to setup custom
URI scheme in KDE, which can be modified for the Bitcoin scheme.
Here's what I have in my ~/.kde/share/kde4/services :
[Protocol]
exec=/usr/local/bin/bitcoin-qt "%u"
protocol=bitcoin
input=none
output=none
helper=true
listing=false
reading=false
writing=false
makedir=false
deleting=false
, where "/usr/local/bin/bitcoin-qt" is your path to bitcoin-qt. This enables, e.g., Konquerer browser to open "bitcoin:<address>" links. I'm sure you could get Firefox linked up, too.